Test Two

Question 1

PNS

Answer 1

all the nerves distal to the spinal nerves

Question 2

Somatic Division of PNS

Answer 2

• voluntary
• allows us to react to the environment
• spinal nerves + cranial nerves

Question 3

Autonomic/Visceral Division of PNS

Answer 3

• involuntary
• maintains internal homeostasis
• sympathetic: fight or flight
• parasympathetic: rest and digest

Question 4

Endoneurium of Spinal Nerves

Answer 4

• separate individuals axons

Question 5

Perineurium of Spinal Nerves

Answer 5

• surrounds bundles of axons (fasicles)

Question 6

Epineurium of Spinal Nerves

Answer 6

• encloses entire nerve trunk

Question 7

Spinal Nerve Structure

Answer 7

• spinal nerve = dorsal and ventral roots

Question 8

Outside the spinal column, the spinal nerve bifurcates into…

Answer 8

• Dorsal (poserior) rami
• Ventral (anterior) rami
• Each rami has smaller muscular and cutaneous branches

Question 9

Classification of Peripheral Nerves

Answer 9

- By Velocity
Letters (afferent + efferent):
A: large, myelinated (fastest)
B: small, myelinated
C: unmyelinated
Roman Numerals (afferent only)
I (fastest) - IV (slowest)

Question 10

Plexes

Answer 10

• Nerve Network

- formed from junctions of the anterior (ventral) rami

Question 11

Cervical plexus

Answer 11

C1 - C4

Question 12

Brachial Plexus

Answer 12

C5 - T1

- Innervates the entire upper limb

Question 13

Lumbar Plexus

Answer 13

L1 - L4

Question 14

Sacral Plexus

Answer 14

L4 - S4

Question 15

Major nerves of hand and arm

Answer 15

Musculotaneous
Median
Ulnar
Radial

Question 16

Avulsion Injury

Answer 16

BP Injury: the nerve is torn from its attachment to the spinal cord; torn at the roots; most serious type of injury

Question 17

Rupture Injury

Answer 17

BP Injury: the nerve is torn, but not at the spinal cord….the more distal the injure = the better the prognosis

Question 18

Neuroma injuries

Answer 18

BP Injury: With a rupture or avulsion injury, scar tissue can form where the nerve has torn and put pressure on the nerve, or block transmission

Question 19

Stretch injuries

Answer 19

BP Injury: a.k.a neuropraxia; most common; nerve is damaged but not torn

Question 20

Erb’s Palsy

Answer 20

cause: birth injury, motorcycle accidents, contact sports
- avulsion of upper past of brachial plexus ( c5-c6) -> musculocutaneous nerve
- loss of: shoulder AB, external rotation, elbow flexion, bicep and brachioradialis stretch reflexes
- waiter’s tip position: shoulder AD, internal rotation, wrist flexion

Question 21

Klumpke’s Palsy

Answer 21

cause: birth injury, traction injury, rare
- avulsion of lower part of bracial plexus (c8-t1) -> ulnar n, intrinsic muscles
- results: loss of sensation along arm; paralysis/atrophy of hand intrinsic muscles, long flexors and extensors of the fingers

Question 22

Signs of Dysfunction of Peripheral Nerves

Answer 22

• sensory changes: decreases, lost and/or abnormal sensations
• parathesis: painless abrnormal sensation int

Question 23

Real Trojans Drink Beer

Answer 23

Rami Trunk Division Cord Branches

Question 24

Trunk

Answer 24

Upper, Middle, Lower

Question 25

Division

Answer 25

Anterior and Posterior

Question 26

Cord

Answer 26

Lateral, Posterior, Medial

Question 27

Branch

Answer 27

Musculocutaneous nerve
Median nerve
Radial nerve
Ulnar nerve