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AP FINAL > TEST2 > Flashcards

TEST2 Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

An incomplete fracture of the bone without actual separation of the parts. More common in children

A

GREENSTICK

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2
Q

Bone fragments into many pieces

A

Communinuted

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3
Q

Common sports fracture resulting from a twisting force

A

SPIRAL

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4
Q

Depends on oxygen delivery & aerobic mechanisms

&

Red fibers, the smallest of the fiver types

A

Slow oxidative, fatigue-resistant fibers

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5
Q

Have very fast-acting myosin ATPases &depend upon anaerobic metabolism during contraction

&

Contain abundant amounts of gylcogen

A

Fast glycolytic, fatigable fibers

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6
Q

cell responsible for sercreting the matirx of the bone is the ___

A

osteoblast

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7
Q

What kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo

A

hyaline cartilage

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8
Q

A fracture in the shaft of a long bone would be a break in the

A

Diaphysis

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9
Q

The term DIPLOE refers to the

A

internal layer of spongy bone in the flat bones

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10
Q

Factors in preventing (or delaying) osteoporosis include

A

drinking fluoridated water

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11
Q

Ossification of the ends of long bones

A

is produced by secondary ossification centers

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12
Q

most abundant skeletal cartilage type is

A

Hyaline

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13
Q

What is the structual unit of compact bone

A

the osteon

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14
Q

Bones are covered & lined by a protective tissue called periosteum. The inner (osteogenic) layer consists primarily of______

A

Osteoblasts

and

osteoclasts

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15
Q

The periosteum is secured to the underlying bone by dense connective tissue called

A

Perforating (Sharpey’s) fibers

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16
Q

The canal that runs through the core of each osteon (the Haversian canal) is the site of

A

blood vessels & nerve fibers

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17
Q

For intramembranous ossification to take place

A

An ossification center forms in the fibrous connective tissue

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18
Q

Hormone increases osteoclast activity to release more calcium ions into the bloodstream

A

Parathyrod hormone

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19
Q

Wolff’s law is concerned with

A

the thickness & shape of a bone being dependent on stresses placed upon it

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20
Q

Cartilage grows in two ways, appositional & interstitial.

What is appositional growth

A

secretion of new matrix against the esternal face of existing cartilage

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21
Q

Normal bone formation & growth are dependent on the adequate intake of

A

Calcium

Phospahte

Vitamin D

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22
Q

Ostealgia is

A

pain in a bone

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23
Q

A fibrous joint that is a peg-in-socket is called

A

gomphosis

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24
Q

Cruciate ligagments of the knee

A

prevent hyperextension of the knee

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25
on the basis of structural classification, what oint is fibrous connective tissue
syndesmosis
26
Connective tissue sacs lined with synovial membranes that act as cushions in places where friction develops are called
bursae
27
Articulations permitting only slight degrees of movement are
amphiarthroses
28
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_are cartilaginous joints
Synchodroses
29
Fibrous joints are classified as
sutures syndesmoses gomposes
30
What are meisci
semilunar cartilage pads
31
What is moving a limb away from the median plane of the body along the frontal plane called
ABduction
32
The terms inversion & eversion pertain only to the
FEET
33
Movement allowed in a pivot joint is known as
Uniaxial rotation
34
Compared to the shoulder, displacements of the hip joints are
rare because of the ligament reinforcement
35
Ligament encircles the radius & holds it to the ulna at its proximal end
Anular
36
Football players often sustain lateral blows to the extended knee. Which of the ligaments is (are) damaged as a result
Medial collateral Medial meniscus anterior cruciate
37
What can cause gouty arthritis
excessive blood levels of uric acid deposited as cyrstals in the soft tissue joints
38
Multiaxial joints of the body include
the hip & sholder
39
Presence of a synovial cavity, articular cartilage, synovial membrane, & ligaments are characteristics of what type of joint
hinge joint
40
Statement best describes all angular movements
They change ( increase or decrease) the angle between 2 bones
41
Saddle joints have concave & convex surfaces. Name the 2 bones of the hand that articulate to form a saddle joint
Trapezium of the carpal bone & the thumbs metacarpal
42
Tendon sheaths
act as friction-reducing structures
43
role of tropomyosin in skeletal muscles
Tropomysoin serves as a contraction inhibitor by blocking the myosin binding sites on the actin molecules
44
Muscle cells have the greatest ability to regenerate
SMOOTH
45
Myoglobin
Stores oxygen in muscle cells
46
Structure in skeletal muscle cells functions in calcium storage
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
47
Immediately following the arrival of the stimulus at a skeletal muscle cell there is a shour period called the _____ period during which the events of excitation-contraction coupleing occur
LATENT
48
Creatine phosphate functions in the muscle cell by
storing energy that will be transferred to ADP to resynthesize ATP
49
Major function of the saroplasmic reticulum in muscle contraction is to
regulate intracellular calcium concentration
50
Composed of myosin
Thick filaments
51
what produces the striations of a skeletal muscle cell
arrangement of myofilaments
52
During muscle contration , myosin cross bridges attach to which active sites
actin filaments
53
Surrounds the individual muscle cell
Endomysium
54
Smoothe muscles that act like skeletal muscles but are conrolled by autonomic nerves & hormones are
Multinunit muscles
55
Rigor mortis occurs because
No ATP is available to release attached actin & myosin molecules
56
Term aponeurosis refers to
a sheetlike indirect attachment to a skeletal element
57
The oxygen-binding protein found in muscle cells is
Myoglobin
58
Contractile units of skeletal muscles are
myofibrils
59
Functional unit of a skeletal muscle called
a sacromere
60
During vigorous exercise, there may be insufficient oxygen available to completely break down pyruvic acid for enery. As a result the pyruvic acid is converted to
Lactic acid
61
When a muscle s unabel to respond to stimuli temporararily, it is in which of the following periods
refaractory period
62
in an isotonic contraction, the muscle
changes in length & moves the "load"
63
Muscle cell membrane is called the \_\_\_\_\_
sacrolemma
64
Correct sequence of events for muscle contractions
Motor neuron action potential neurotransmitter release muscle cell aciton potential release of calcium ions from SR ATP driven power stroke sliding of myofilaments
65
mechanism of contraction in smooth muscle is different from skeletal muscle in that
the site of calcium refulation differs
66
NOT a role of ionic calcium in muscle contraction
activates Epinephrine relased from adrenal gland
67
An anaerobic metabolic pathway that results in the prodction of 2 net ATOs per glucose plus 2 pyruvic acid molecules is
Glycolysis
68
Muscle tone is
a state of sustained partial contraction
69
After nervous stimulations stops, what prevents ACh in the synaptic cleft from continuing to stimulate contraction
Acetycholinestrerase destroying the ACh
70
71
Single most distinct & consistent characteristic of all types of muscle tissue
ability to transform chemical energy into mcechanical energy
72
Which has only 1 nucleus, 0 saromeres, & rare gap junctions
Multiunit smooth muscle
73
Hypothetically, if a muscle were stretched to the point where thick & thin filaments no longer overlapped
no muscle tension could be generated
74
part of the sarcolema contains acetylcholine receptors
Motor end plate
75

AP FINAL (4 decks)

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