test5: ch12 (brain only)

Question 1

nerve fibers located directly under the skins surface that detect pressure, pain, touch, and temperature

Answer 1

sensory receptors

Question 2

part of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord, it is where sensory information is sent to and processed

Answer 2

central nervous system (CNS)

Question 3

part of the nervous system that consists of the cranial nerves and spinal nerves

Answer 3

the peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 4

nerves that carry information to the central nervous system

Answer 4

sensory nerves

Question 5

nerves that carry commands away from the central nervous system

Answer 5

motor nerves

Question 6

individual nerve cells that are capable of conducting electrical impulses in response to a stimulus

Answer 6

neurons

Question 7

what are the three basic parts of a neuron?

Answer 7

dendrites, nerve cell body, and axon

Question 8

part of a neuron that are highly branched projections that receive impulses

Answer 8

dendrites

Question 9

part of a neuron that contains the nucleus and may of the other organelles of a cell

Answer 9

cell body

Question 10

part of a neuron that is a projection from the nerve cell body that conducts the electrical impulse toward its destination

Answer 10

axon

Question 11

the point at which a neuron meets the dendrite of the next neuron

Answer 11

synapse

Question 12

chemical messenger that carries electrical impulse across gap between neurons

Answer 12

neurotransmitter

Question 12

the term for when electrical impulses cannot pass directly across the gap between two neurons

Answer 12

synaptic cleft

Question 13

fatty substance that acts as insulation for many axons so that they conduct electrical impulses faster

Answer 13

myelin

Question 14

true or false: neuroglial cells do not conduct electrical impulses

Answer 14

true

Question 15

matter in the central nervous system that is comprised of unsheathed or uncovered cell bodies and dendrites

Answer 15

gray matter

Question 16

matter in the central nervous system that are myelinated nerve fibers

Answer 16

white matter

Question 17

bundles of nerve fibers interconnecting different parts of the central nervous system

Answer 17

tracts

Question 18

the CNS is encased and protected by three membranes known as the…

Answer 18

meninges

Question 19

largest section of the brain, it processes thoughts, judgement, memory, problem solving, and language

Answer 19

cerebrum

Question 20

outer layer of the cerebrum that is composed of folds of gray matter

Answer 20

cerebral cortex

Question 21

elevated portions of the cerebrum

Answer 21

gyri

Question 22

grooves or “valley’s” on the brain

Answer 22

sulci

Question 23

how many lobes does each hemisphere of the brain have?

Answer 23

4: frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

Question 24

most anterior portion of the cerebrum; controls motor function, personality, and speech

Answer 24

frontal lobe

Question 25

most superior portion of the cerebrum; receives and interprets impulses from sensory receptors and interprets language

Answer 25

parietal lobe

Question 26

most posterior portion of the cerebrum; controls vision

Answer 26

occipital lobe

Question 27

left and right lateral portion of the cerebrum; controls hearing and smell

Answer 27

temporal lobe

Question 28

part of the diencephalon, it is composed of gray matter and acts as a center for relaying impulses from the eyes, ears, and skin to the cerebrum (also where pain perception is controlled)

Answer 28

thalamus

Question 29

part of the diencephalon, controls body temperature, appetite, sleep, sexual desire, and emotions ; also responsible for controlling the autonomic nervous system, cardiovascular system, digestive system, and the release of hormones from the pituitary gland

Answer 29

hypothalamus

Question 29

what are the three portions of the brainstem?

Answer 29

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

Question 29

second largest portion of the brain, aids in coordinating body movements and maintaining balance and equilibrium

Answer 29

cerebellum

Question 30

part of the brainstem that acts as a pathway for impulses to be conducted between the brain and spinal cord

Answer 30

midbrain

Question 31

(term that means bridge) part of the brainstem connects the cerebellum to the rest of the brain

Answer 31

pons

Question 32

part of the brainstem that connects the brain to the spinal cord; controls respiration, heart rate, temperature, and blood pressure (also the site where nerve tracts cross form one side of the brain to control functions and movement on the other side of the body

Answer 32

medulla oblongata

Question 33

present in the brains ventricles; water, clear fluid that provides protection from shock or sudden motion to the brain and spinal cord

Answer 33

cerebrospinal fluid