Testicular Cancer Flashcards
(17 cards)
Where does testicular cancer arise from?
The germ cells
Most common age for testicular cancer
Younger men
15-35 years old
Types of testicular cancer
Seminoma
Non-Seminoma (mostly teratomas)
Risk factors for testicular cancer
- male infertility
- family history
- increased height
- undescended testes
- mumps orchitis
- klinefelter’s syndrome
- anabolic steroids
Presentation of testicular cancer
- painless lump
- non tender, hard, irregular
- not fluctant
- no trans illumination
What type of testicular cancer can cause gynaecomastia?
Leydig cell tumours
Investigations of testicular tumours
- scrotal USS
- tumor markers: alpha-fetoprotein, beta hCG
- staging CT scan - chest,abdominal, pelvis
Tumour markers in testicular cancer
Alpha fetoprotein
Beta hCG
Staging system for testicular cancer
Royal Marsden staging system
Common places for testicular cancer to metastasise to
- lymphatics
- lungs
- liver
- brain
Management of testicular cancer
- radical orchidectomy
- chemotherapy
- radiotherapy
- sperm banking to save sperm for future
Long term side effects of testicular cancer treatmetn
- infertility
- hypogonadism
- peripheral neuropathy
- hearing loss
- lasting kidney, liver or heart damage
- increased risk of cancer in future
Follow up of testicular cancer
- monitoring tumour markers
- CT scans or chest X rays
Prognosis of testicular cancer
Prognosis of early cancer is good
>90% cure rate
Examples of non-germ cell testicular tumours
Leydig cell tumours
Sarcomas
Tumour marker for Seminoma
Beta hCG
Tumour markers for non-Seminoma
alpha fetoprotein + beta hCG
