Testing and Individual Differences

Question 1

Intelligence

Answer 1

ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations

Question 2

what is general intelligence (g)

Answer 2

General intelligence underlies all mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test

Question 3

What is s intelligence

Answer 3

Special, outstanding abilities

Question 4

Who developed g intelligence

Answer 4

Charles Spearman

Question 5

What is factor analysis

Answer 5

Statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (factors) on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie a persons total score

Question 6

Howard Gardner

Answer 6

identified 8 relatively independent intelligences

Question 7

what are the 8 intelligences

Answer 7

visual-spatial, verbal-linguistic, musical, logical-mathematical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic, bodily-kinesthetic

Question 8

Savant syndrome

Answer 8

Condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing

Question 9

Triarchic theory

Answer 9

There are three intelligences. Analytical, creative, practical

Question 10

Analytical intelligence

Answer 10

Academic problem-solving

Question 11

Creative intelligence

Answer 11

Innovative smarts

Question 12

Practical intelligence

Answer 12

Finding multiple solutions to everyday tasks

Question 13

Musical

Answer 13

ability to produce and understand pitch, tempo, rhythym

Question 14

Visual-spatial

Answer 14

ability to think in images and pictures

Question 15

logical-mathematical

Answer 15

ability to think abstractly and see patterns and logic and math

Question 16

bodily-kinesthetic

Answer 16

ability to control body movements and handle objects

Question 17

Interpersonal intelligence

Answer 17

ability to work well with others

Question 18

verbal-linguistic

Answer 18

ability to understand word meanings

Question 19

What is emotional intelligence

Answer 19

Ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions

Question 20

What is the Flynn effect

Answer 20

Intelligence test performance has improved. Average person’s intelligence score in 1920 was- by today’s standard- only 76

Question 21

What is grit

Answer 21

Passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long-term goals.

Question 22

What three criteria must an intelligence test meet to be accepted

Answer 22

standardized, reliable, valid

Question 23

Standardized

Answer 23

To make scores meaningful they are compared to a pretested sample population

Question 24

Reliable

Answer 24

The test gives consistent scores no matter who takes it or when it is taken

Question 25

Valid

Answer 25

The test measures or predicts what it is supposed to

Question 26

What is the normal curve

Answer 26

Scores typically form a bell-shaped pattern. Most scores fall near the average, and fewer scores lie near the extremes

Question 27

In a normal distribution mean, median and mode...

Answer 27

are all the same and at the center

Question 28

How do tests remain standardized?

Answer 28

Stanford-Binet and Wechsler scales are periodically restandardized

Question 29

How is reliability determined

Answer 29

The higher the correlation between two scores, the higher the test's reliability

Question 30

Content validity

Answer 30

The extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest (drivers test is valid because it samples tasks a driver faces)

Question 31

Predictive validity

Answer 31

Success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict (a test taken by high schoolers predicting what career path is best for them)

Question 32

What is an intelligence test

Answer 32

Method for assessing an individual's mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores

Question 33

Achievement test

Answer 33

Exam covering what you have learned (Past learning)

Question 34

Aptitude test

Answer 34

Predicts your ability (Future potential)

Question 35

Francis Galton

Answer 35

Wanted to use intelligence testing for Eugenics- selective reproduction used to enhance human race

Question 36

Alfred Binet

Answer 36

Designed fair and unbiased intelligence tests to administer to French schoolchildren. Studied mental and chronological ages

Question 37

Intelligence quotient (IQ) formula, what is the average

Answer 37

(Mental age/ chronological age) x 100. Average is 100

Question 38

What is currently the most widely used individual intelligence test

Answer 38

Wechsler Adult Intelligence scale (WAIS)

Question 39

What does the WAIS do

Answer 39

designed to measure intelligence and cognitive abilities in adults and older adolescents

Question 40

Crystallized intelligence

Answer 40

Accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age

Question 41

Fluid intelligence

Answer 41

Ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease with age

Question 42

Cross-sectional research method

Answer 42

Compare people of different ages at the same point in time. Scores declined with age

Question 43

Longitudinal studies

Answer 43

Follow and retest the same people over time. Scores rise into adulthood

Question 44

Intellectual disability

Answer 44

Condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence test score of 70 or below and difficulty adapting to the demands of life

Question 45

What two criteria must be met to diagnose an intellectual disability

Answer 45

low IQ test score, difficulty adapting to independence

Question 46

What is down syndrome

Answer 46

Condition of mild to severe intellectual disability and associated physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21

Question 47

What is giftedness

Answer 47

Youth who give evidence of high achievement capability

Question 48

Stereotype threat

Answer 48

Risk of confirming sterotypes about an individual. (By telling a class that boys are better at math than girls, the girls will have lower scores)

Question 49

What is the self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer 49

When a person's expectations of another person lead them to behave in an expected way

Question 50

Difference in intelligence based on gender

Answer 50

girls outspace boys in spelling, verbal fluency, locating objects, detecting emotions, and sensitivity to touch, taste, and color Boys outperform girls in tests of spatial ability and complex math problems