Textbook Chapter 2 pt. 1 Flashcards Preview

Anthropology 101 > Textbook Chapter 2 pt. 1 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Textbook Chapter 2 pt. 1 Deck (30)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

What is culture?

A

a set of learned behaviors and ideas that humans acquire as members of society

2
Q

Culture is used by humans to _____ to and ________ the world in which they live.

A

adapt

transform

3
Q

The process of culturally and socially is shaped by ___________ and ___________.

A

socialization

enculturation

4
Q

Is this socialization or enculturation: the process by which human beings as material organisms, living together with similar organisms, cope with the behavioral rules established by their respective societies?

A

socialization

5
Q

Is this socialization or enculturation: the process by which human beings living with one another must learn to come to terms with the ways of thinking and feeling that are considered appropriate in their respective cultures?

A

enculturation

6
Q

____________/____________ produces a socially and culturally constructed self capable of functioning successfully in society is shared as well as learned.

A

Socialization

enculturation

7
Q

Socialization/enculturation produces a socially and culturally constructed self capable of functioning successfully in society is _______ as well as learned.

A

shared

8
Q

Socialization/enculturation produces a socially and culturally constructed self capable of functioning successfully in society is shared as well as _______.

A

learned

9
Q

Socialization/enculturation produces a _______ and ________ constructed self capable of functioning successfully in society is shared as well as learned.

A

socially

culturally

10
Q

______ ________ was a french anthropologist who called socialization/enculturation learning habitus, and it is highly influenced by our interactions with material culture.

A

Pierre Bourdieu

11
Q

Pierre Bourdieu was a ______ anthropologist who called socialization/enculturation learning habitus, and it is highly influenced by our interactions with material culture.

A

french

12
Q

Pierre Bourdieu was a french anthropologist who called ___________/____________ learning habitus, and it is highly influenced by our interactions with material culture.

A

socialization/enculturation

13
Q

Pierre Bourdieu was a french anthropologist who called socialization/enculturation learning _______, and it is highly influenced by our interactions with _______ culture.

A

habitus

material

14
Q

Human cultures can be _________, adaptive, and symbolic.

A

patterned

15
Q

How has North America’s view on individualism, specifically child rearing, shown how culture can be patterned?

A

Babies sleep alone, and are expected to be independent at 18yrs old.

16
Q

How has North America’s view on individualism, specifically economic practices, shown how culture can be patterned?

A

(1) individuals are urged not to count on other people or institutions
(2) many prefer to work at their own business
(3) most people commute to work by themselves

17
Q

How has North America’s view on individualism, specifically religious practices , shown how culture can be patterned?

A

christianity emphasizes personal salvation and accountability

18
Q

People have always borrowed cultural elements from their _________

A

neighbors

19
Q

Many refuse to be limited by _____ cultural practices.

A

past

20
Q

Human cultures can be patterned, ________, and symbolic.

A

adaptive

21
Q

Human cultures can be patterned, adaptive, and ________.

A

symbolic

22
Q

What is a symbol?

A

something that stands for something else

23
Q

Apes apparently possess a rudimentary capacity for ________ _______, or symbolic representation.

A

symbolic coding

24
Q

Apes apparently possess a rudimentary capacity for symbolic coding, or _______ ___________.

A

symbolic representation

25
Q

Our ancestors first developed a capacity for ________ _________ ____________, including the ability to communicate freely about the past, the future, and the invisible

A

complex symbolic representations

26
Q

Society has used its _______ _______ abilities to create institutions, complex, variable and enduring forms of cultural practice that organize social life.

A

complex symbolic

27
Q

Society has used its complex symbolic abilities to create _________, complex, variable and enduring forms of cultural practice that organize social life.

A

institutions

28
Q

Culture and the human brain _________, each furnishing key features of the environment to which the other needed to adapt

A

coevolved

29
Q

Culture is also part of our _________ heritage.

A

biological

30
Q

Opinion in Western societies often polarizes when it comes to human agency. What are the two opinions?

A

(1) we have free will and may do just as we please

(2) our behavior is completely determined by forces beyond our control