The Abdomen Flashcards
(452 cards)
1
Q
Largest body cavity
A
The abdominopelvic
2
Q
The roof of the abdominopelvic cavity is the
A
diaphragm
3
Q
What muscle is the pelvic diaphragm composed of
A
the levator ani muscle
4
Q
The upper part of the abdominopelvic cavity is called the
A
abdomen
5
Q
The lower part of the abdominopelvic cavity is called the
A
pelvis
6
Q
The abdominal wall
A
protects the abdomen and had a muscular covering
7
Q
The abdominopelvic cavity contains
A
- Gastrointestinal tract
- Glands associated with the GI tract
- Urinary system
- Deep reproductive glands and ducts
- Sleen
- Blood vessels and nerves
8
Q
List the layers of the abdominal wall from superficial to deep
A
- Skin
- Subcataneous fat (Camper’s fascia)
- Deep fascia (Scarpa’s fascia)
- 1st muscle layer
- 2nd muscle layer
- 3rd muscle layer
- Transversalis fascia
- Extraperitoneal fat
- Parietal pertitoneal
9
Q
A
Skin
10
Q
A
Subcutaneous fat (Camper’s fascia)
11
Q
A
Deep fascia (Scarpa’s fascia)
12
Q
A
Transversalis fascia
13
Q
A
Extraperitoneal fat
14
Q
A
Parietal peritoneal
15
Q
Abdominal muscles
A
- External obliques
- Internal obliques
- Transverse abdominis
- Rectus abdominis (longtinudinal)
- Iliopsoas
- Quadratus laborum
16
Q
Which abdominal muscle is longitudinal
A
rectus abdominus
17
Q
Which abdominal muscle is posterior
A
Iliopsoas
18
Q
Which abdominal muscle is posterior
A
quadratus laborum
19
Q
A
Quadratus Laborum
20
Q
A
Erector spinae
21
Q
A
Iliopsoas
22
Q
A
External oblique
23
Q
A
Internal oblique
24
Q
A
Transverse abdominis
25
Rectus abdominis
26
GI tract
27
External oblique fibers run in what direction
down and medially
28
The internal obliques fibers run in what direction
- the upper fibers run at right angles to those of the external muscles
- the middle fibers are horizontal to the external obliques
- the lower fibers run parallel to the external obliques
29
Where do the externals originate
the lower ribs
30
Where do the external fibers insert
- The upper half insert as part of the rectus sheath
| - The lower fibers insert into the iliac crest and also help form the inguinal ligament
31
Where do the internals originate?
the iliac crest
32
Where do the internal fibers insert?
- posterior fibers inserting onto lower four ribs
- middle fibers insert onto the rectus sheath
- lower fibers insert onto the inguinal ligament
33
Some of the lower internal fibers form the:
cremaster muscle, a part of the spermatic cord
34
Where does the iliopsoas insert
the lower limb
35
Where does the quadratus lumborum originates
from the lower part of the twelfth rib and the transverse process of the lumbar vertebrae
36
Where does the quadratus lumborum insert
on the posterior iliac crest
37
Quadratus lumborum is innervated by
L1-4
38
Where does the transverse abdominis originate
from the iliac crest, the lower 6 costal cartilages, and the lumbar vertebrae via the lumbar fascia, through its aponeurosis
39
Where does the transversus abdominis insert
rectus sheath
40
Linea alba
Separates the rectus abdominis from each other
41
Where is the linea alba attached
Attached above to the costal cartilages of ribs 5-7 and below to the sympysis pubis and the pubic crest
42
Linea semilunaris
lateral margin of rectus abdominis
43
Tendinous intersections
divides each rectus abdominis into four segments, giving the "washboard stomach" appearance
44
Rectus sheath
The two recti are enclosed by the aponeurosis of the other abdominal muscles in a structure called the rectus sheath
45
The aponeuroses fuse in the midline to form the
linea alba
46
The abdominal muscles are innervated by
the lower thoracic nerves and spinal nerve L1
47
The level of the umbilicus is always at
T10
48
The abdominals function by
flexing the rectus abdominis and rotating and abducting/adducting the lateral muscles
49
Transverse abdominus
50
Internal oblique
51
Internal oblique
52
External oblique
53
Linea alba
54
Anterior rectus sheath
55
Posterior rectus sheath
56
Where is the inguinal ligament
found running between the anterior superior iliac spine (the ASIS) and the public tubercle
57
The inguinal ligament is made up of:
connective tissue fibers derived from the external oblique muscles
58
What is the inguinal canal
a tube-like structure connecting the abdominal cavity with the scrotum
59
The tissue used to form the inguinal canal is derived from
lateral abdominal muscles
60
Indirect inguinal hernia
abdominal contents enter the scrotum
61
Two openings of the inguinal canal
- The deep abdominal one is called the deep inguinal ring
| - The scrotal opening is the superficial inguinal ring
62
Where is the superfiical ring located
just above the pubic tubercle and is easily felt
63
The superficial ring is a hiatus in the:
external oblique fascia
64
The deep ring is a hiatus in the:
transverse abdominis fascia
65
External oblique
66
Internal oblique
67
Transverse abdominus
68
External oblique
69
Cremaster muscle
70
Superficial inguinal ring
71
Inguinal ligament
72
Deep inguinal ring
73
Anterior superior iliac spine
74
What structures pass through the inguinal canal in males
- Spermatic cord
- Vas deferens
- Testicular vasculature
75
What structures pass through the inguinal canal in females
- Round ligament of the uterus
76
Structures passing through the inguinal canal in both males and females
Muscular fibers derived from the internal obliques forming the cremaster muscle, which only fully develops in males
77
The nerves to the superior body wall come from
spinal nerves T7-L1
78
Which area of the abdominal and pelvic walls T10 and T12 supply
the area around the umbilicus and the pubic symphysis, respectively
79
The lumbar plexus supplies:
nerves to the inferior abdominal wall, the inguinal region and the lower limbs
80
The roots of the plexus are:
T12 and L1-5
81
T12 and L1 fibers join together to form the
Iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves
82
The iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves supply:
the inferior abdominal wall
83
The geniotofemoral nerves are sensory to the
inside of the thigh
84
The geniotofemoral nerves are motor to the
cremaster muscle
85
The forgut (what part of the tract? includes what?)
the proximal part of the intestinal tract and includes the esophagus, stomach and the first part of the duodenum
86
The midgut begins at the:
begins at the second half of the duodenum
87
The midgut encompasses
the jejunum, ileum, and colon (large intestine) as far as two thirds of the way along the transverse colon
88
Where is the hindgut
the remaining distal end of the GI tract
89
The sympathetic innervation of the abdominal viscera is provided by
preganglionic fibers from the thoracic splanchnic nerves (consisting of the greater, lesser, least splanchnic nerves), and also from the lumbar splanchnic nerves
90
The greater splanchnic nerve originates from
T5-9 via the celiac ganglion and supplies the forgut and it derivatives
91
The lesser splanchnic nerve comes from
T10-11
92
The lesser splanchnic nerve synapse in the
superior mesenteric ganglia
93
The lesser splanchnic nerve supplies the
midgut
94
The lumbar splanchnic nerves supply the
hindgut via the inferior mesenteric ganglion
95
The least splanchnic nerves service the:
kidneys
96
The sympathetic innervation to the pelvis generally comes from
T10-L2
97
Sympathetic innervation to the pelvis travels to the pelvis via the
lesser, least, and lumbar splanchnics, to the preaortic plexuses to reach the inferior hypogastric plexus
98
The parasympathetic innervation to the foregut and midgut is by the:
vagus nerve (CN 10)
99
Innervation of the hindgut is by the:
pelvic splanchnic nerve (S2-4)
100
The pelvic splanchnic nerve passes through the
inferior hypogastric plexus then up the hypogastric nerves to the superior hypogastric plexus to be distributed with the branches of the inferior mesenteric artery to the hindgut
101
The enteric (intrmural) plexus
a network of autonomic axons and small ganglia (parasympathetic) in the wall of the digestive tract
102
The enteric plexuses control
digestion
103
Two major networks of the enteric plexuses
- myenteric (auerbach's) plexus
| - submucosal (meissner's) plexus
104
Myenteric (Auerbach's) Plexus location
between the two muscle layers of the gut
105
Submucosal (Meissner's) Plexus Location
In the submucosa
106
The myenteric plexus services the:
muscular outer layers of the gut wall, promoting peristalsis
107
Submucosal plexus supplies the
glands in the epithelium
108
The sympathetic innervation of the enteric plexuses inhibits _____ and stimulates ________
- peristalsis
| - sphincter contraction
109
The parasympathetic innervation of the enteric plexuses inhibits _____ and stimulates ________
- spincter contraction
| - peristalsis
110
In the head and neck the carotid plexuses are found along the
carotid arteries
111
Plexuses in the thorax include
cardiac, pulmonary and esophageal plexuses
112
The cardiac and pulmonary plexuses are found near the
bifurcation of the trachea and esophageal plexuses
113
The scrotum contains
- testes
- epididymis
- spermatic cord
114
Dartos
smooth muscle contained in the superficial fascia of the scrotum
115
Which muscle is responsible for the rugose nature of the sac
the dartos
116
The deep or spermatic fascia of the scrotum is derived from the:
abdominal muscles
117
Tunica vaginalis
Enclosing the testes is a closed serous sac, pinched off from the abdominal peritoneum
118
Pampiniform plexus
veins draining the testes which form a complex network
119
Dartos
120
Testis
121
Prostate gland
122
What plexuses are in the thorax
cardiac, pulmonary, and esophageal
123
Where are the carotid plexuses found in the head and neck
along the carotid arteries
124
What plexuses are in the pelvis
superior and inferior hypogastric plexuses
125
The superior and inferior hypogastric plexuses are united by the:
hypogastric nerves
126
The greater splanchnic nerve arises from:
T5-T9
127
The greater splanchnic nerve synpases at:
celiac plexus and ganglia
128
The greater splanchnic nerve innervates the:
foregut
129
The lesser splanchnic nerve arises from:
T10-T11
130
The lesser splanchnic nerve synpases at:
Superior mesenteric plexus and ganglia
131
The lesser splanchnic nerve innervates the:
midgut
132
The least splanchnic nerve arises from:
T12
133
The least splanchnic nerve synpases at:
Renal plexus and ganglia
134
The lumbar splanchnic nerve arises from:
L1-L2
135
The lumbar splanchnic nerve synpases at:
inferior mesenteric plexus and ganglia
136
The lumbar splanchnic nerve innervates the:
hindgut
137
The pelvic splanchnic nerve arises from:
S2-S4
138
The pelvic splanchnic nerve synpases at:
Hypogastric plexus and ganglia
139
Which nerve represents the main component of the parasympathetic nervous system
Vagus (CN 10)
140
Lobule with semineferous tubule
141
Tunica albuginea
142
Rete testis
143
Efferent tubules
144
Vas deferens
145
Parietal layer of tunica vaginalis
146
Epididymus
147
Skin
148
Dartos muscle
149
Visceral layer of tunica vaginalis
150
Tunica albuginea
thick capsule within the testes
151
Tunica vaginalis
covers the tunica albuginea
152
Semeniferous tubules
produce sperm cells
153
Efferent ducts
secrete sperm cells into the epididymis
154
Epididymis
a coiled duct which is located on the posterior aspect of the testis
155
The vas deferens connects:
the tail of the epididymis with the ejaculatory duct in the prostate gland
156
Where is the vas deferens?
it ascends in the spermatic cord, passes through the inguinal canal, crosses the pelvic brim and runs medially to find the prostate
157
The peritoneum (covers what? connects what?)
thin serous membrane that covers the intestines and liver, connects the intestines to the posterior abdominal wall by the mesentery
158
The peritoneum has two compartments:
the greater and lesser peritoneal sacs
159
Layers of the peritoneum
Perietal and visceral layers
160
Parietal peritoneum (line the, covers the, connects to the)
- lines the abdominal and pelvic wall
- covers the underside of the diagram
- connects to the visceral layer via the mesentery
161
The visceral peritoneum covers the:
surface of the GI tract, the liver and the spleen
162
The Mesentery
the double layer of the periotoneum that joins the parietal layers
163
The mesentary suspends the:
GI tract from the posterior abdominal wall
164
The mesentery contains:
the blood and nerve supply to the GI tract
165
The greater omentum hangs from the:
greater curvature of the stomach
166
The greater omentum covers the
abdominal contents (from the front)
167
what part of the colon is the omentum attached to
transverse
168
The greater omentum is made up of:
several layers of peritoneum
169
The lesser omentum connects:
the liver to the lesser cervature of the stomach
170
The main cavity of the abdomen is called the:
Greater sac
171
Lesser sac
The space behind the the lesser omentum and stomach
172
Parietal peritoneum
173
Visceral peritoneum
174
GI tract
175
Mesentery
176
Kidneys (Retroperitoneal)
177
Greater sac
178
Bare area of liver
179
Kidney
180
Ascending colon
181
Retroperitoneal structures
182
Pancreas
183
Retroperitoneal concept
If a part of an abdominal organ has a mesentery, it is within the abdominal cavity. If it does not have a mesentery, then it is 'behind' the dorsal parietal peritoneum and is described as retroperitoneal.
184
Structures that are not retroperitoneal are
intraperitoneal
185
Retroperitoneal organs
- Pancreas
- Ascending and descending colon
- Reproductive system
- Kindeys and suprarenal glands
- Rectum
- Ureters and bladder
- Major blood vessels
- Parts of the duodenum
186
The GI tract commences where
the esophagus emties into the stomach
187
The GI tract ends where
the rectum joins the anus
188
The GI tracts consists
- stomach
- small intestine
- large intestine
189
Parts of the small intestine
- Duodenum
- Jejunum
- Ileum
190
Parts of the large intestine
- Appendix
- Cecum
- Ascending colon
- Transverse colon
- Descending colon
- Sigmoid colon
- Rectum
191
Omental bursa
192
Greater omentum
193
Transverse colon
194
Pancreas
195
Stomach
196
Liver
197
Esophagus
198
Stomach
199
Transverse colon
200
Descending colon
201
Jejunum
202
Rectum
203
Anal canal
204
Ileum
205
Ascending colon
206
Duodenum
207
The GI tract function
break down ingested food
208
stomach function
digest
209
small intestine function
absorb
210
large intestine function
reabsorbs water
211
Location of stomach
in the abdomen
212
Location of small intestine
in the abdomen
213
Location of the ascending colon
in the abdomen
214
Location of the transverse colon
in the abdomen
215
Location of the descending colons
in the abdomen
216
Location of the sigmoid colon
in the pelvis
217
Location of the rectum
in the pelvis
218
3 parts of the stomach
- Fundus
- Body
- Pyloric antrum
219
Fundus location
under the left diaphragm and rises from the gastroesophageal or lower esophageal sphincter
220
The valve that controls the admission of food into the stomach
gastroesophageal or lower esophageal sphincter
221
Rugae
ridges of the fundus
222
Largest part of the stomach
the body
223
Location of the body of the stomach
between the lesser curvature on the right and the greater curvature on the left
224
Pyloric antrum
part of the stomach where it tapers down towards the pylorus
225
Where is the pyloric sphincter located
the pyloric antrum
226
The valve the controls the flow of liquefied food into the duodenum
the pyloric sphincter
227
Part of the bowel where the digestive enzymes from the liver and pancrease are mixed with the food
the duodenum
228
4 parts of the duodenum
- Superior limb
- Descending limb
- Inferior limb
- Ascending limb
229
Stomach
230
Common bile duct
231
Superior limb
232
Duodenum
233
Descending limb
234
Inferior limb
235
Head of pancreas
236
Body
237
Main duct
238
The superior limb links
the stomach, via the pylorus, to the descending limb
239
Which limb has the entrance valve for the conjoined pancreatic and bile duct?
the descending limb
240
The ascending limb connects with the:
jejunum
241
Where are the jejunum and ileum located in the abdomen
the greater sac
242
Where does the ileum empty into
the cecum via the ileocecal valve
243
Epiploic appendages
244
Haustrations
245
Tenia coli
246
Anal canal
247
Rectum
248
Sigmoid
249
Descending colon
250
Splenic flexure
251
Hepatic flexure
252
Ileum
253
Ileocecal valve
254
Ascending colon
255
Cecum
256
transverse colon
257
The liver provides energy storage as:
gylcogen
258
The liver secretes
bile salts and digestive enzymes
259
The liver excretes
toxins and waste products
260
Largest solid organ in the body
The liver
261
Where is the liver located
under the right dome and central tendon of the diaphragm
262
The lobes of the liver
Quadrate and caudate lobes
263
Where is the porta hepatis
at the junction of the caudate and quadrate lobe of the liver
264
Which artery supplies the liver with arterial blood
the hepatic artery
265
Which vein supplies the liver with venous blood
portal vein
266
Which nerve innervates the liver
vagus (CN 10)
267
What delivers the bile to the GI tract
the common hepatic duct
268
Where does the round ligament enter?
the porta hepatis
269
Where is the bare area of the liver?
under the right dome of the diaphragm
270
The liver is mostly covered in
visceral peritoneum
271
Falciform ligament
connects the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and separates the liver into right and left lobes superficially
272
Where is the gall bladder
hangs under the lip of the liver's right lobe
273
Where is the ligamentum teres
runs in the free inferior border of the falciform ligament
274
Right lobe
275
Falciform ligament
276
Left lobe
277
Ligamentum teres
278
Gall bladder
279
Right lobe
280
Inferior vena cava
281
Left lobe
282
Caudate lobe
283
Portal vein
284
Quadrate lobe
285
Falciform ligament & ligamentum teres
286
Hepatic artery
287
Gall bladder
288
Common bile duct
289
Extra hepatic biliary apparatus is comprised of
- left hepatic duct
- right hepatic duct
- common hepatic duct
- gall bladder
- cystic duct
- common bile duct
290
The left and right hepatic ducts join at the:
common hepatic duct
291
The common hepatic duct meets the cystic duct to form the:
common bile duct
292
The common bile duct curves behind the:
duodenum
293
The common bile duct pierces the:
pancreas
294
The common bile duct fuses with the:
main pancreatic duct
295
The main pancreatic duct enter the duodenum through the:
sphincter of oddi
296
Cystic duct
297
Common hepatic duct
298
Common bile duct
299
Neck of gall bladder
300
Body of gall bladder
301
Fundus of gall bladder
302
The gall bladder function
stores and concentrates bile
303
Gall bladder location
attached to the underside of the right lobe of the liver
304
Parts of the gall bladder
- fundus
- body
- neck
- blind end
305
Which part of the gall bladder leads to the cystic duct
the neck
306
Why is the pancreas considered a mixed gland
it had both endocrine and excrine functions
307
Where is the pancreas located
left abdomen
308
Parts of the pancreas
- head
- uncinate process
- body
- tail
309
duodenum
310
uncinate process
311
Body of pancreas
312
main pancreatic duct
313
Tail of pancreas
314
Spleen
315
Hilum
316
Vein
317
Splenic artery
318
Bile duct
319
Head of pancreas
320
Sphincter of oddi
321
The head of the pancreas and uncinate process are surrounded by the:
duodenum
322
The tail of the pancreas location
against the hilus of the spleen
323
Is the spleen intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal
intraperitoneal
324
Is the pancreas intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal
retroperitoneal
325
Entering the hilus of the spleen are:
- splenic artery
- splenic vein
- lymphatic vessels
- nerves
326
The urinary system consists of the:
- paired kidneys
- paired ureters
- single urinary bladder
327
The kidneys are located:
in the abdomen
328
The bladder is located:
in the pelvis
329
The ureters connect:
the kidneys and the bladder
330
Minor calyx
331
Major calyx
332
Renal artery and vein
333
Pelvis
334
Ureter
335
Inferior pole
336
Renal column
337
Pyramid
338
The kidneys major function
the excretion of the excess water in the blood
339
Metabolic functions of the kidney
removal of toxins and endocrine responsibilities
340
Which kidney is located lower and why
the right kidney is located a little lower than the left because of the liver
341
Perirenal fat
thick layer of fat encasing the kidneys
342
The renal pelvis connects directly with the
ureter
343
The kidney is supplied by
the major calyces
344
Each major calyx is fed by
2 minor calyces
345
Functions of the minor calyxes
collect the filtered urine, feed the major calyxes, the pelvis, and hence the ureter
346
The outer later of the kidney is
cortical tissue
347
cortical tissue extends between
the renal pyyramids (medulla)
348
The columns of cortical materiual between the renal pyramids are called
renal columns
349
How does the filtrate travel to the calyces?
the medualla has about 25 renal pyramids containing collecting tubules which take the filtrate to the tips of the pyramids, through the renal papillae into the calyces
350
Functional unit of the kidney
nephron
351
Glomeruli
blood filtering units in the nephron
352
Cortex of the kidney contains
the glomeruli
353
How does the kidney recieve blood
the left and right arteries enter the hilus and branch into lobar arteries which supply each pyramid
354
Where do the ureters attach to the bladder?
they attach to the back of the bladder but do not actually penetrate the bladder wall until they are close to the bottom of the bladder
355
Where is the bladder
the anterior pelvis
356
The bladder is covered by
parietal peritoneum
357
the bladder empties into the
urethra
358
The urethral orifice is found at the:
inferior angle of the bladder
359
In the male, the prostate gland is situated
in front of the urethral orifice
360
In the female, the uterus is located
behind the bladder
361
Where is the Trigone
on the middle of the bladder, between the openings of the ureters and the urethra
362
What type of nervous system controls the bladder
sympathetic and parasympathetic
363
Ureters
364
Bladder
365
Urethra
366
Corpus spongiosum
367
Bulb of penis
368
Prostate
369
Where are the suprarenal glands
sit on top of each of the two kidneys
370
suprarenal glands are also called the
adrenal glands
371
suprarenal glands are supplied by
suprarenal arteries
372
Sympathetic innervation of the kidney is the function of the
least splanchnic nerve (T12, L1)
373
Fibers of sympathetic innervation of the kidneys synapse in the
renal plexus
374
The postganglionic sympathetic fibres of the kidney activate
vasoconstriction
375
The parasympathetic nerves of the kidneys derive from the
vagus
376
The parasympathetic nerves of the kindeys activate:
vasodilation
377
What type of input increases renal out put
parasympathetic
378
What type of input decreases renal output
sympathetic
379
Detrusor
the bladder muscle
380
The detrusor recieves innervation from
multiple pathways all originating from T11-L2
381
The sphincter vesicae receives preganglionic fibres from
T11-L2
382
The abdominal aorta bifurcates into the
2 common iliac arteries at L4/5
383
The abdominal aorta has three sets of branches:
- 5 pairs of arteries to the abdominal wall
- 3 pairs of branches to the paired glands
- 3 arteries to supply the GI tract
384
To abdominal & pelvic walls
385
To glands
386
To GI tract
387
To glands
388
To abdominal & pelvic walls
389
The largest pair of arteries that go to the glands are the
renal arteries
390
Where do the suprarenal arteries go
suprarenal glands
391
The gonadal arteries arise where
below the renal arteries
392
The gonadal arteries run to
the male or female glands in the pelvis or scrotum
393
Celiac trunk services
the foregut and spleen
394
Forgut consists of
- the stomach
- first part of the duodenum
- the liver
- gall bladder
- pancreas
395
The forgut divides into
the left gastric artery, the common hepatic artery, the splenic artery
396
The left gastric artery goes to
the stomach
397
The common hepatic artery goes
almost to the porta hepatis but divides into the left and right hepatic arteries
398
Branches of the common hepatic artery
- right gastric artery
- left gastric artery
- gastroduodenal artery
399
The gastroduodenal artery has several branches to
the duodenum
400
Right gastroepiploic artery
terminal branch of the gastroduodenal artery that supplies the right greater curvature of the stomach
401
Largest branch of the celiac trunk
splenic artery
402
The splenic artery gives off branches going to the
pancreas and stomach
403
Left gastroepiploic artery
terminal artery of the splenic artery
404
The superior mesenteric artery serves
the midgut
405
The midgut includes
- the lower duodenum
- the jejunum
- ileum
- large bowel as far as 2/3 along the transverse colon
406
The superior mesenteric artery originates
below the celiac trunk
407
Right colic and midcolic arteries
branches of the superior mesenteric artery that go to the ileum and jejeunum
408
Ileocolic artery (supplies?)
variable branch of the superior mesenteric which supplies the end of the ileum, the cecum and the appendix
409
Aorta
410
Superior mesenteric
411
Gonadal
412
Right common iliac
413
Inferior mesenteric
414
Renal
415
Suprarenal
416
Celiac trunk
417
Superior mesenteric
418
Middle colic
419
Right colic
420
Iliocolic
421
The inferior mesenteric artery serves the
hindgut
422
The hindgut is comprised of
the distal transverse colon, the descending colon, the sigmoid colon, the rectum
423
The inferior mesenteric artery originates
above the aortic bifurcation
424
The left colic branches
branches of the inferior mesenteric artery going to the large bowel
425
The superior rectal artery (branch of what? going where?)
branch of the inferior mesenteric artery going to the pelvis
426
The superior and inferior epigastric arteries supply
the rectus abdominis
427
Superior epigastric arteries is a branch of the
internal thoracic
428
The inferior epigastric artery is a branch of the
external iliac artery
429
The inferior vena cava is fed by:
paired veins from the abdominal wall and from the two hepatic veins
430
The portal vein is made up by the:
splenic and superior mesenteric veins
431
The portal vein passes into the liver via the
portal hepatis
432
Hepatic
433
Rigth suprarenal
434
Right renal
435
Right gonadal
436
Common Iliac veins
437
Left gonadal
438
Left renal
439
Left suprarenal
440
Hepatic
441
superior mesenteric
442
Inferior mesenteric
443
Splenic vein
444
Porta hepatis
445
The lumbar plexus serves
the abdominal wall, the lower limb, and genitofemoral nerve
446
Where are the nerve plexuses that make up the lumbar plexus
T12-L5
447
The two major muscles of the posterior abdominal wall are:
the psoas and the quadratus lumborum
448
The psoas originates
from the lumbar bodies
449
The psoas inserts onto the
femur
450
The quadratus lumborum arises from the
transverse processes of T12-L5
451
The quadratus lumborum fills which space
the space between rib 12 and the iliac crest
452
Function of the quadratus lumborum
stabilizing the back
