The Basics of Chemistry

Question 1

What is a chemical

Answer 1

Anything you can see or touch except light and electricity

Question 2

Organic Chemistry

Answer 2

The study of substances that contain carbon.
(all living things that were once alive)

Question 3

Examples of organic substances

Answer 3

poison ivy, gasoline, motor oil, plastics, synthetics, fabrics, pesticides, and fertilizers

Question 4

What does organic not mean?

Answer 4

Natural or healthy

Question 5

What does organic mean?

Answer 5

The substance contains both carbon and hydrogen from either natural or synthetic sources

Question 6

Inorganic Chemistry

Answer 6

Substances that do not contain carbon but may contain hydrogen

Question 7

What are some inorganic chemicals

Answer 7

metals, minerals, glass, water, and air

Question 8

Titanium dioxide, a white pigment used to whiten polymer powders and uv gels in nails polish to provide better coverage is an example of inorganic substance

Answer 8

Titanium dioxide, a white pigment used to whiten polymer powders and uv gels in nails polish to provide better coverage is an example of inorganic substance

Question 9

Matter

Answer 9

Any substance that occupies space and has mass (weight)

Question 10

All matter is made from chemicals, so everything made out of matter is a chemical. Matter has physical properties that you can touch taste smell or see

Answer 10

All matter is made from chemicals, so everything made out of matter is a chemical. Matter has physical properties that you can touch taste smell or see

Question 11

energy is not matter, everything known to exist in the universe is either made of matter or energy

Answer 11

energy is not matter, everything known to exist in the universe is either made of matter or energy

Question 11

What are two forms of energy

Answer 11

light and electricity

Question 12

Element

Answer 12

The simplest form of chemical matter and cannot be broken down into a simpler substance without a loss of identity

Question 13

How many naturally occurring elements are there?

Answer 13

90

Question 14

what is O for?

Answer 14

Oxygen

Question 15

What is C for?

Answer 15

Carbon

Question 16

Atoms

Answer 16

Chemical particles from which all matter is composed; all matter is made entirely of chemicals

Question 17

An atom is the smallest chemical particle of an element that retains the same properties of that element.

Answer 17

An atom is the smallest chemical particle of an element that retains the same properties of that element.

Question 18

What can atoms not do?

Answer 18

Be divided into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means

Question 19

Molecule

Answer 19

A chemical combination of two or more different types of atoms

Question 20

Millions of chemical reactions occur in the body every second, which is what keeps us alive

Answer 20

Millions of chemical reactions occur in the body every second, which is what keeps us alive

Question 21

Compound molecules

Answer 21

Made by combining two or more atoms of different elements

Question 22

Sodium chloride (NaCI), or common table salt, is a chemical compound that contains one atom of the element sodium (Na) and one atom of the element chlorine (CI)

Answer 22

Sodium chloride (NaCI), or common table salt, is a chemical compound that contains one atom of the element sodium (Na) and one atom of the element chlorine (CI)

Question 23

What are the three different forms of physical matter

Answer 23

solid,liquid, and gas

Question 24

What do liquids have?

Answer 24

A definite volume but not a definite shape

Question 25

What is a special form of plasma that behaves like a gas?

Answer 25

Plasma

Question 26

Vapor

Answer 26

A liquid that has evaporated into a "gas like" state but is not gas

Question 27

What does vapor turn back into when they cool down enough?

Answer 27

Liquid

Question 28

what do physical properties include?

Answer 28

color, size, weight, hardness, odor, and gloss

Question 29

chemical properties

Answer 29

Characteristics that can only be determined by a chemical reaction and a chemical change in the substance

Question 30

When does a physical change occur?

Answer 30

1. when an abrasive file is used on the nail plate and both the nail plate and the file are changed 2. when nail polish dissolves in a solvent, it is not chemically changed

Question 31

What are some pure substances?

Answer 31

atoms, elements, elemental molecules, and compound molecules

Question 32

what is saltwater

Answer 32

a physical mixture of salt and water

Question 33

What is a solution?

Answer 33

A stable uniform blend of two or more substances

Question 34

Miscible

Answer 34

Liquids are mutually soluble (They can be mixed together to form stable solutions that cannot be easily separated)

Question 35

Immiscible

Answer 35

Liquids are not capable of being mixed into stable solutions.

Question 36

What is an example of immiscible liquids?

Answer 36

water and oil

Question 37

What are solutions?

Answer 37

Soluble mixtures created when all solid particles have completely dissolved and all liquid components are completely soluble

Question 38

What are suspensions?

Answer 38

Unstable mixtures of undissolved particles floating in a liquid.

Question 39

What do suspensions contain?

Answer 39

larger and less miscible particles than solutions

Question 40

what does an emulsifier bring together?

Answer 40

Brings together two normally incompatible materials together and binds them into a uniform and fairly stable blend

Question 41

How long can a formulated emulsion, stored under ideal conditions be stable?

Answer 41

Up to 3 years

Question 42

What is the head of the surfactant molecule?

Answer 42

Hydrophilic (water loving)

Question 43

What is the tail of the surfactant molecule?

Answer 43

Liophilic (oil loving)

Question 44

What is an example of an oil in water emulsion made of two normally immiscible liquids?

Answer 44

Mayonnaise

Question 45

What are example of oil in water emulsion in the salon?

Answer 45

Lotions and creams

Question 46

What are some examples of semisolid mixtures made with any combination of petroleum?

Answer 46

ointments, pastes, pomades, and styling waxes

Question 47

Glycerin

Answer 47

A sweet colorless oily substance

Question 48

Silicones

Answer 48

Special type of ingredient used in nail polish dryers and as skin protectants

Question 49

Volatile Organic Compounds

Answer 49

Compounds that contain carbon (organic) and evaporate very quickly (meaning they are volatile)

Question 50

What is an ion?

Answer 50

An atom or molecule that carries an unbalanced electrical charge

Question 51

What does ionization cause?

Answer 51

Causes an atom or molecule to split in two, creating a pair of ions with opposite electrical charges

Question 52

Acidic

Answer 52

The more hydrogen ions there are in a substance the more acidic it will be

Question 53

What are the products that can have a pH?

Answer 53

products containing water

Question 54

What does the pH scale measure?

Answer 54

It measures the acidity and alkalinity of a substance.

Question 55

What is the range of the pH scale?

Answer 55

It has a range of 0 to 14. a pH of 7 indicates a neutral solution

Question 56

What is the pH scale of pure water?

Answer 56

7 (an equal balance of acid and alkaline)

Question 57

What is the pH scale of acids?

Answer 57

below 7.0 and turn litmus paper from blue to red