The Behavioural Approach To Explaining Phobias

Question 1

What is the two-process model?

Answer 1

Phobias are acquired through classical conditioning and maintained by operant conditioning.

The two-process model explains the development and persistence of phobias.

Question 2

Define classical conditioning.

Answer 2

Learning through association; a neutral stimulus becomes associated with fear.

Classical conditioning involves pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response.

Question 3

Define operant conditioning.

Answer 3

Learning through consequences; avoidance behaviour is negatively reinforced by reducing anxiety.

Operant conditioning involves reinforcing or punishing behaviour to increase or decrease its occurrence.

Question 4

Fill in the blank: Phobias are acquired through _______ conditioning.

Answer 4

classical

Question 5

Fill in the blank: Avoidance behaviour is negatively reinforced by _______.

Answer 5

reducing anxiety