The Birth Of British Australia 1788-1829 Flashcards

Question

Changes Macquarie made

Answer 1

Imported 40k Spanish dollars, cut holes in to double Organised streets of Sydney, naming them Developed roads and bridges Ruling on alcohol consumption, pubs closed on Sundays Dissolved NSW corps takeover First professional lawyer Tickets of leave and early pardons Employed people to positions of authority.

Answer 2

Emancipated granted land at paramatta Added 5 new towns near the hawsbury river Exclusives resented Macquarie giving land to emancipates. Complained to London.

Answer 3

Spent more than London wanted on building Therefore no money sent back to London Built schools, roads, barracks, churches and bridges Build the rum hospitals

Answer 4

Critics in London as he was spending too much and had too many convicts working for government Spent £3m to send nothing back to London Existence of bigger report Appin massacre

Answer 5

1813 colony too crowded. Every inch of land has been leased. 10 failed expeditions to cross blue mountains. 3 settlers trekked the contains, took 3 weeks They saw enough grass to support the stock of this colony for thirty years. Macquarie chose 60 convicts that would get pardons if they finished the road, 126 miles, in 6 months.

Answer 6

3m When he went 100 pound to transport and keep a convict for a year When he left 30 pound.

Answer 7

Criticised awarding land grants to comvits Convict Labour should be assigned to sheep farms not public works Early pardons and tickets of leave granted Positions of responsibility should not be given to emancipates.

Answer 8

Convicts should be serving their sentences and treated more harshly Should be deployed as labour for exclusive harmless Only provided food and shelter Emancipates not given government roles Judicial independence for courts Expansion of sheep grazing to make more profit

Answer 9

Macquarie resigned

Answer 10

1823 Created legislative council Council met in secret, had power to overrule governor and decide taxes Created Supreme Court VDL seperate colony.

Answer 11

1828 Governor as well as British government could appoint members Oath ofSecrecy removed

Answer 12

Next governor Brisbane implemented recommendations in full George Arthur first governor of VDL MacArthurs company awarded 1m achres of land Development of cattle farming

Answer 13

Sydney had run out of resources , Norfolk Island was a source of much-needed supplies. Maintaining island expensive. Shipwreck left bare people on the island Loads of birds came to the island and they killed tjem for food 200,000 birds killed in just over threee months

Answer 14

1803+ C. 75,000 convicts between 1803-1853 Few escaped and died in bushes By 1806 colony starving Convicts realised they could survive better as bush rangers. 2000+

Answer 15

• Fist and longest serving governor VDL • increased amount of convicts on public works • tickets of early leave and pardons • 1825 executive and legislative council • expected SC to uphold autocratic rule

Answer 16

• severe punishments and flogging on convicts who disobeyed regulations • instituted the chain gang • 260 convicts executed • convicts made to work through 7 levels of punishment

Answer 17

Restored law and order, ended threat of bush rangers However, also fought the aborigini people forcing them off VSL to a settlement on flinders island where they died Black war.

Answer 18

Commenced late 18th century Whale blubber melted down to be used for lamp fluid oil, lubricants and candles. Became Australia’s first viable industry by 1805 By 1832 accounted for 52% Of exports

Answer 19

Cheaper, safer, easier to hunt seals Their hide, blubber, oil were lucrative exports. 150,000 killed between 1801-10 By 1830, Australian fur seal almost extinct

Answer 20

James Stirling looked for a settlement that would keep the French off and be staging posts for British ships. He urged the British authorities go make a settlement at swan river with himself as governor. Agreed in 1828 with change in tory government. Stirling made a company with Thomas peel with financial backing from a Jew called levey. Levey was a nonce do they kept his investment secret. The government agreed to give the company 250,000 aches on the swan and 250,000 more when it settled on the river with 400 people. By 1832, swan river had under 1,500 white colonists. By 1839, it still had all its wheat and flour shipped on from Hobart.

Answer 21

• would be a staging post on routes to the far east •area rich in farming land that was ideal for growing a range of crops and fruit ideally suited to the Mediterranean climate of Western Australia. • offered the opportunity for young people from Britain, especially younger men, to emigrate to an area of economic potential • Stirling persuaded the government to provide land grants that meant the gov didn’t have to fund the colony •

Answer 22

• swan river easily navigable, this encouraged further exploitation and development of the interior where, later in the century important minerals were discovered. • deter the French - discourage their settlement and trading links with the far east • Royal Navy felt that Western Australia would be an ideal base to defend British interests in the pacific and was attracted by vast quantities of timber • stop escaped convicts going there

Answer 23

Opposition to transportation of felons had been growing. Transportation go NSW ended in 1840, by which some 150,000 had been sent. Transportation to VDL continued until 1853 The loss of convicts was a disaster for Western Australia.

Answer 24

• A senior member of the Eora people • captured in 1789, ordered by Arthur Philip who wanted to build a relationship with aboriginal people. • bennelong escaped after a few months • Bennelong maintained a good relationship with Philips after he left • when Philips went to England, bennelong went with him.

Answer 25

• Macquarie • 1816 April • was a result of Macquarie ordered for members of the 46th regiment to lead punitive expeditions in a few districts. • Macquarie preferred three military captains to lead detachments across the colony to clear the land of aboriginal people. • when captain Wallis went into appin, he just killed everyone for no reason, they didn’t resist anything

Answer 26

• first people the British encountered 1788 • 2.5k people • tensions quickly developed between British and Eora • Philips instructed no robbing the aboriginals, didn’t follow • aboriginal retaliated by stealing shovels • two convicts murdered 1788 • lots of aboriginal died from smallpox

Answer 27

Wiped out 50% or more aboriginal’s people Some as biological warfare by the British Others say it was transmitted from other things After quarantine, Philip concluded it came from somewhere other than the first fleet

Answer 28

By 1850, population reduced from 350k to 80k This was due to revenge attacks and impoverishment Also suffered due to force assimilation, cultural imperialism and European attitudes.

Answer 29

• two years after first fleet, aboriginal warrior began to resist the invasion of white settlers. • seriously wounded in 1797 • had a clubbed foot • Philip initially maintained good relations • pumulwuy featured significantly in the resistance to british

Answer 30

• attacks started as soon as early settlement arrived and continued as a result of competition for supplies exacerbated. • in 1823, European land grants increased 10 fold • to resist, aboriginal people engaged in resistance activities such as guerilla warfare. • Arthur declared martial law in 1828 and attempted to restrict the movement of aboriginal people • killed around 900

Answer 31

Final 200 aboriginal people weee forcibly removed to flinders island where they died soon from starvation.

Answer 32

• disease played a huge part in the death of aboriginal people • they were hunted, starved and poisoned until the population was wiped out • settler violence was not checked by the authorities • bushrangers regarded aboriginal people as vermin and had no problem killing them • a proclamation was passed restricting aboriginal people to settled districts in the north east corner of the island.

The Birth Of British Australia 1788-1829 Flashcards

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