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The brain Flashcards

(45 cards)

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1
Q

What 2 sections does the forebrain initially differentiate into?

A
  • Telencephalon

- Diencephalon

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2
Q

What are the 3 types of cerebral cortex?

A
  • Neocortex
  • Hippocampus
  • Olfactory cortex
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3
Q

What are the bumps of the cerebral cortex called?

A

Gyri and sulci

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4
Q

How many layers does the hippocampus have?

A

3

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5
Q

What is the hippocampus involved in?

A

Memory

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6
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the neocortex?

A
  • Frontal lobe
  • Parietal lobe
  • Occipital lobe
  • Temporal lobe
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7
Q

What is the central sulcus?

A

Sulcus separating the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe

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8
Q

What is the lateral fissure?

A

Big sulcus separating the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes

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9
Q

What is the association cortex?

A

Bits of cortex that aren’t sensory/motor - rest of cortex

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10
Q

How many layers does the neocortex have?

A

6

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11
Q

What are the 6 layers of the neocortex?

A
  • Molecular layer
  • External granular layer
  • External pyramidal layer
  • Internal granular layer
  • Internal pyramidal layer
  • Fusiform layer
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12
Q

What is in the molecular layer of the neocortex?

A
  • No cell bodies

- Dendrites and axons

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13
Q

What is in the external granular layer of the neocortex?

A

Granule neurons

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14
Q

What are granule neurons?

A

Smaller neurons with short dendritic processes

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15
Q

What is in the external pyramidal layer of the neocortex?

A

Neurons with a pyramidal shaped cell body

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16
Q

What is in the internal granular layer of the neocortex?

A

Slightly larger granule neurons

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17
Q

What is in the internal pyramidal layer of the neocortex?

A

Massive pyramidal cells with apical dendrites and long basolateral axons which can reach out of the CNS

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18
Q

What is in the fusiform layer of the neocortex?

A

Smaller interneurons whose axons don’t project out of the CNS

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19
Q

What does Weigert PAL staining highlight?

20
Q

What is Brodmann’s cytoarchitectural map?

Study These Flashcards
A

Mapping of all the different neocortical structures in the cortex which have different functions

21
Q

Where is the somatosensory cortex?

Study These Flashcards
A

Postcentral gyrus at the front of the parietal lobe

22
Q

What are 3 methods of non-invasive functional imaging?

23
Q

What does a PET scan show?

Study These Flashcards
A

Areas with high glucose concentrations

24
Q

What does an fMRI scan show?

Study These Flashcards
A

Areas with high oxygen levels

25
What does an EEG scan show?
Records electrical activity with electrodes in the brain
26
Where is the primary motor cortex?
Precentral gyrus at the back of the frontal lobe
27
Where is the primary visual cortex?
At the back of the brain in the occipital lobe
28
Where is the auditory cortex?
In the lateral fissure in the temporal lobe
29
What is the limbic lobe associated with?
Emotion, attention, motivation
30
What is the cingulate gyrus?
Gyrus in the medial view of the brain above the corpus callosum
31
What are the sections of the limbic lobe? (3)
- Medial surface of temporal lobe - Hippocampus - Cingulate gyrus
31
Which lobe is the hippocampus in?
Limbic lobe
32
What is the insula cortex involved in?
Emotional regulation and sensorimotor processing
33
Where is the insula cortex?
Underneath the lateral fissure
34
What are the 2 sections of the basal forebrain?
- Basal ganglia | - Amygdala
35
What are the basal ganglia involved in?
Initiation of movement
36
What is the amygdala involved in?
Fear
37
What are the 3 types of white matter?
- Commissural fibres - Projection fibres - Association fibres
38
What do the commissural fibres do?
Connect between hemispheres of the cortex
39
What do the projection fibres do?
Link the cortex to non-cortical areas
40
What do the association fibres do?
Link areas of the cortex within the same hemisphere
41
Where is the thalamus and hypothalamus?
Diencephalon
42
What does the thalamus do?
- 'Gateway to the cortex' | - Processes information which passes through
43
What does the hypothalamus do?
Master regulator of homeostasis
44
How many major nuclei are in the hypothalamus?
11

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