The Brain Flashcards
(29 cards)
neurons are
cell bodies that run information through the body
Inputs -> Cell bod trigger inputs -> Information output to correct ares
Cell bodies
tightly packes together, which is what holds them together. they consist of white (long protusions) and grey (short protuions) matter
Neuron signaling pt 1
stimulus to a neuron causes impilse to travel down the axon towards the next neuron
Neuron singiling pt 2
terminal button. impulse triggers the release of nurotransmitters into syaptic gap
Neuron signiling pt 3
neurotransmitters causes channels and creatws action potential
neuron recieving
recieved information from another neuron. the synapses is how information is recieved, the neurons dont physically touch. chemicals are sent through these gaps. sent down the white matter and the veils open to give the neuron the information. recieving all these axons and triggers release all of the information and transmits all the infomation across to thee receptor gap and ions are sent through which tells everything what to do
examples of neurotransmitters
- Acetylcholine (ACh)- muscular movement
- Noradrenaline- learning, memory, eating
- serotonin- mood, sleep, eating, pleasure, pain
- dopamine- volunrary movement, memory
- GABA- inhibatory transmittert
- endorphins- inhibits transmittion of pain
- Glutamate- brain function
how do neurotranmitters relate to psychology
if there is an abnormal amount of neurotransmitters we can relate this back to different medical or psychological disorders `
vascular
distruption to blood flow to the brain for a number of reasons including a blockage (stoke) or partial bloackage oe enlarged artery
tumor
a mass of tissue with no physiological function. may casue vasular propblems, or may destroy neurons `
degenrative disease
a breakdown of neurolofical materials. may be genetic, as in huntingtons and infulanced by enviromental factors. examples; Alzeimers, Parkinsons
ifectious disease
a virus may result in neurological sympotoms. HIV and AIDs may result in sub-cortical damage, herpes attacks, cotical strucutres
trauma
a violoent result on the head, be it with a car or weapon can result in trauma to the brain. May be closed or open. can result in vasular problems
epilepsy
a transoent loss of consiousness resulting from eletrical activity in the brain
neuropsychologies approach
if one area isnst working in the brain and the correlation of that area isnt functioning, we can relate them back to eachother; drawing example and word/colour example
double disotiations
if they are unable to do one task but able to do the other OR if someone with damage of one area can do the first task but not the other
EEG
measures magnetic feilds produced by the brains eletrical activity
- measure the brains activity when someone is doing a task and see how the brain reacts and you can tie different locations on the brain. not good for point of activity
MRI
Produced a structyral image. helps identify brain structures and possible damage
- correlational, it produces a structural image of the brain and possible damage
fMRI
maps brain function over time works by measuring blood flow. Neutral activity -> increased demans for )2 -> increased blood flow
- we measure blood flow to particular areas that are active in the brain. slow but more acurate than EEG
PET scan
measures glucose metabolism
- administer radioactive substance and consumed. holds onto cells snf it allows us to dee ehst areas are active
TMS
distrubuted activity in an area through a manetic feild
- temp envasion but more targeted. interupt the flow we can se what areas are eletrical and being used atthe time
Eletrical stimulation
elicits activity in a specific area. includs deep brain stimulation. normally only used when something like surgery is happening
the red section of the brain
old evolutionary sections. survival brain (Reptilian)
- works like a switch board, it send where information was important to our survival. it sends all info though this
the yellow section
emotional, feeligs (limbic)
- eating, memory, emotions. allows you to go through fight or flight response. the hippocampus, cortex and cerebellum all go through here
