Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology - semester 1 > The brain > Flashcards

The brain Flashcards

1
Q

Name all the views of the brain?

A
  • Anterior
  • Posterior
  • Lateral view
  • Sagittal section (side)
  • Coronal/frontal section
  • Horizontal section
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

About the brain?

A
  • A large, delicate mass of neural tissue containing internal passageways and chambers with cerebrospinal fluid.
  • Each of four major regions has specific functions.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name the four main parts of the brain?

A
  • Cerebral hemispheres (cerebrum); 4 lobes.
  • Diencephalon; thalamus and hypothalamus.
  • Brain stem; mid brain, pons and medulla oblongata.
  • Cerebellum.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Explain the cerebral hemispheres?

A
  • Cell bodies form outer layer called cortex.

- Cell bodies deep are basal ganglia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Explain the ‘lines’ in the brain?

A
  • Folded surface increases surface area.
  • Elevated ridges = GYRI!!
  • Shallow depressions = SULCI!!
  • Deep grooves = FISSURES!!
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the difference between gray and white matter?

A
  • Gray matter is in cerebral cortex and basal nuclei.

- White matter is deep to cerebral cortex and around basal nuclei.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the structures of the cerebrum?

A
  • Gyri of neural cortex increases surface area.
  • Insula of cortex lies medial to lateral sulcus.
  • Longitudinal fissure separates the hemispheres.
  • Lobes divide hemispheres.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name the 4 loves in each hemisphere?

A
  • Frontal
  • Parietal
  • Occipital
  • Temporal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name the 3 sulci divisions in the cerebrum?

A
  • Central sulcus divides frontal and parietal lobe.
  • Lateral sulcus divides frontal and temporal lobe.
  • Parieto-occipital sulcus divides parietal and occipital lobes.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the diencephalon?

A
  • Located under cerebrum.
  • Links cerebrum with brain stem.
  • Thalamus = relays + processes sensory info.
  • Hypothalamus = hormone production, emotion, autonomic function.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the brain stem?

A
  • Processes info between spinal cord and cerebrum.
  • Mid brain = processes sight, sound and reflexes, maintains consciousness.
  • Pons = connects cerebellum to brain stem, somatic and visceral motor control.
  • Medulla = relays info, regulates autonomic functions, e.g. heart rare, BP.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the cerbellum?

A
  • 2nd largest part.
  • Two hemispheres.
  • Coordinates repetitive body movements.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name and describe the 3 types of white matter in the cerebrum?

A
  • Association fibres; connect within each hemisphere.
  • Commissural fibres; connect one hemisphere with other.
  • Projection fibres; connect brain with the spinal cord.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the ventricles of the brain?

A
  • Lateral ventricles; Large, in each hemisphere, separated by thin medial partition.
  • Third ventricle; in diencephalon, communicate with lateral via inter ventricular foramen.
  • Fourth; continuous with third, extends into medulla, becomes continuous with spinal cord.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do the ventricles carry?

A

-Cerebro - spinal fluid!!!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name and describe the 3 cranial meninges?

A
  • Dura mater (outermost); 2 layers, thick and leathery.
  • Arachnoid mater (middle); covers brain, contacts dura.
  • Pia mater (innermost); 1 cell thick, attached to brain surface by astrocytes.
17
Q

Describe the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

A
  • Surrounds all exposed CNS surfaces.
  • -Supports brain, transports nutrients and waste.
  • Choroid plexus; in ventricles specialised cells produce+secrete CSF and remove wastes and adjust composition.
18
Q

How does CSF circulate?

A
  • From choroid plexus.
  • Through ventricles.
  • To central canal of spinal cord.
  • Into subarachnoid spaces around brain and cord.
19
Q

All about the frontal lobe?

Function, cortex’s

A
  • Frontal lobe, pre central gyrus.
  • Premotor cortex; learned motor skills, patterned/repetitive, several muscles groups, planning movement.
  • Motor speech area- usually left called BROCA’S area!!; active as we prepare to speak.
  • Prefrontal cortex; intellect, recall, personality, reasoning.
  • Olfactory cortex; receives impulses from smell receptors.
20
Q

All about the parietal lobe? (Functions, cortex’s)

A
  • Primary somatosensory cortex; neurones receive info from sensory receptors, allows identification of body region being stimulated.
  • Sensory association cortex; connections with primary cortex, produces understanding of object stimulating senses. WENICKES area = left hemisphere, understanding language!!
  • Gustatory cortex; receives impulses from smell receptors.
21
Q

All about the temporal lobe? (Functions, cortex’s)

A
  • Auditory cortex!!
  • Primary auditory cortex; receives info from receptors in inner ear, pitch, rhythm, loudness.
  • Auditory association area; enables perception of neural info, ‘hear’ noise as speech or music. Uses memory of past events.
22
Q

All about the occipital lobe?

Functions, cortex’s

A
  • Primary visual cortex; receives info from retina.
  • Visual association area; communicates with primary, memory to interpret visual events, basically ‘seeing’ is done here!!
23
Q

Describe the visceral association area?

A
  • Cortex of the insula!!

- Involved in conscious perception, e.g. full stomach, upset stomach, full bladder.

24
Q

What is basal ganglia?

A
  • Collections of grey matter.
  • Deep within white matter of cerebral hemispheres.
  • Function = Coordination of learnt movements and fine control of movement.
25
Q

Types of basal ganglia?

A
  • Caudate nucleus = curving, slender tail.

- Lentiform nuclei = globus pallidus, putamn.

26
Q

Describe the thalamus in detail?

A
  • Largest region of diencephalon.
  • Receives input from somatic sensory receptors.
  • Mediates sensation.
  • Thalamic nuclei = rounded masses, relay sensory info to basal nuclei.
27
Q

Describe the hypothalamus?

A
  • Main visceral control centre of body.

- Regulates body homeostasis; emotional response, sleep, food intake.

28
Q

Describe the epithalamus?

A
  • Pineal gland, posteior to thalamus.

- Melatonin, regulates sleep, influences mood.

29
Q

Describe the mid brain in detail?

A
  • Large pyramidal tracts.
  • Control occulomotor and auditory nerves.
  • Provide a link between the ANS and amygdala.
  • Two pairs of sensory nuclei = superior and inferior colliculus.
  • Red nucleus and substantia nigra.
30
Q

Describe the pons in detail?

A
  • Messages between motor cortex and cerebellum.
  • Several cranial nerves from there.
  • Nuclei involved with respiration
  • Process and relay info to and from cerebellum.
31
Q

Describe the medulla oblongata in detail?

A
  • Allows brain and spinal cord to communicate.
  • Controls visceral functions.
  • Nuclei in the medulla; sensory and motor nuclei.
  • 3 groups of nuclei = autonomic nuclei, sensory and motor, relay stations along sensory and motor.

-Contains reticular formation, cardiovascular centres, respiratory centres, nuclei of some cranial nerves.

32
Q

Name the 4 functions of the reticular formation?

A
  • Motor control = input from red nucleus..
  • Sensory control = exerts influence on spinal reflex arc.
  • Visceral control = in medulla, adjusts heart rate, flow of blood.
  • Control of consciousness = controls levels of arousal (damage leads to coma), modulation of sleep and wake cycles.
33
Q

Describe the cerebellar peduncles?

A
  • Tracts link cerebellum with brain stem and spinal cord.

- Superior, middle and inferior cerebellar peduncles.

34
Q

What is the limbic system?

A
  • Establishes emotional states, links conscious functions with autonomic.
  • Amgdaloid body = acts as interface between system and cerebrum.
  • Limbic lobe = cingulate and dentate gyrus, hippocampus.
  • Fornix = tract of white mater.

Physiology - semester 1 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions