The brain (chapter 4) Flashcards
(17 cards)
What is Phrenology
Franz Gall beleived the shape of the skull could tell what type of person someone was
What is a split brain experiment
Split brain surgery involves systymatically cutting the corpse callosum, disconecting the hemishphere of the brain from the other
What sides of the brain controll what
The LEFT SIDE of the body conrols the RIGHT SIDE of body
The RIGHT SIDE of the body controlls the LEFT SIDE of the body
LEFT - launguage
RIGHT - visual
What are some Neuroimaging techniques
CT scan
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
PET (positron emission tomography)
FMRI (functional MRI scan)
What are the areas of the brain
Hindbrain
Midbrain
Forebrain
Whats the role of the Hindbrain
Located at the base of the brain, brain structure include:
Cerebellum
- Cauliflower shape
- Controlls 80% brains neurons
-Involved with rapid sequence of movement (talking)
- Everyday movements (picking up a cup of tea)
Pons
- Included in sleep, dreaming and arousal
Medulla
- Continuation of the spinal cord that connects to the brain
- Controlls bodily functions (vomitting, swallowing, breathing, heart rate, coughing, blood pressure)
Whats the role of the Midbrain
Central part of the brain, receives large amounts of imformation from your eyes to eras
Reticular Formation (RAS)
- Network of neurons
- Helps screen incoming information to not overload the brain
- Alerts higher brain centres important info
- Helps maintaon concousness
Reticular acitvating system
- When RAS is less active we go to sleep
- Damage to the RAS can lead to coma, chronic vegetive state
Whats the role of the Forbrain
Regulates complex cognitive brain functions
Hypothalamus
- Vital role in maintaining the bodys internal environment (homeostasis)
- Regulating hormone release
- Influencing biology needs (hunger, thirst, sleep)
- Involved in emotions and motivated behaviour
Thalamus
- Filters imfo from sense receptor sites
- Links with reticular formation
- Plays a role in attention
Cerebrum
- Occupies most of forebrain
- Responsible for thinking, talking, feeling, preception, movement ect
- Divided into 2 cebral hemispheres connected by the corpus callosum
What are the roles of the Cebral Cortex
- Complex higher order mental activities, memories, language, problem solving
- Processing incoming sensory info
- Planning + controll of voluntary movements
Roles of Left hemisphere
- Reading
- Writing
- Speaking
- Understanding speech
- Organising time to do homework
- Breaking down tasks to key parts and appraoch in a sequential way
- Develop argument to use in debate
- Controlls body movements on the right side of the body
Roles of the Right hemisphere
- Non verbal functions
- Spaitial and visual thinking
- Completing jigsaw puzzle
- Reading a map
- Recognising faces
- Appreciation of music/art
- Recognise emotions from facial cues
- Controls body movement on left side of body
What does the frontal lobe controll
- Voluntary bodily movemnets
- Attention
- Personality
- Controll of emotion
- Expression of emotional behaviour
What does Brocas area controll
- Production of speech
- Coordinating movement of muscles required for speech
- Formulating the structure of sentences and analysing grammar in sentences
Whats does the Pariental lobe controll
- Review and process sensory information
- Sends info to other areas of the brain
Sematosensory cortex
- Front of pariental lobe
- Proccesses sensory information
What does the Temporal lobe control
- Involved with auditory perception
- Plays role in memmory
Primary Auditory cortex
- receices and processes sound from each ear
Wernickes Area
-Located on left temporal lobe
- Invloved with comprehension of speech, interpreting sounds of human speech
What does the Occupital lobe controll
- Sense of vision
Primary visual cortex
- Major destination of visual information from eyes
What is Aphasia and the 2 types
Is a language disorder
Brocas Aphasia
-dificulty speaking
- Short sentences
- Aware of their language difficulties
Wernikes Aphasia
- Difficulty comprehending speech
- Speech is fluent but makes no sense
- Unaware of their language disorder
