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Anatomy > The cardiovascular system > Flashcards

The cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

The study of the heart

A

Cardiology

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2
Q

The study of arteries

A

Arteriology

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3
Q

The study of veins

A

Phlebology

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4
Q

Pertaining to or composed of vessels

A

Vascular

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5
Q

The blood vessels, including arteries, capillaries, veins, and lymphatics
-Ex. the circulatory system

A

Vascular system

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6
Q

-Oxygenating the cells of the body
-Removing waste from the body
-Maintaining homeostasis
-Regulating blood pressure

A

Functions of the cardiovascular system

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7
Q

Large vessels that distribute blood from the hear to the arterioles
-Strong muscular walls
-No valves
-Carry O2’d blood with one exception
-Three layers: tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa

A

Arteries
pulmonary arteries do not carry oxygenated blood
-Tunica intima (interna): inner most layer, more elastic tissue
-Tunica media: middle layer, mostly smooth muscle
-Tunica externa (adventitia): most superficial layer, interacts with other tissue

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8
Q

Smaller vessels that transfer blood from the arteries to the capillaries
-Tunica intima, media, and externa continuous with arteries
-Media may consist of 2 layers or be absent

A

Arterioles

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9
Q

Microscopic exchange vessels
-Tunica intima only
-Form the network of vasculature present throughout the tissues

A

Capillaries

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10
Q

Vessels that transfer blood from the capillaries to the veins
-Tunica intima, media, and externa
-Muscle layer is less developed
-Media may consist of 2 layers of may be absent

A

Venules

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11
Q

Vessels that carry blood from the venules back to the heart
-Thinner walls because pressure is not as high
-Contain valves to prevent backflow of blood
-Carry -O2’d blood with one exception
-All empty into the superior vena vaca or inferior vena cave

A

Veins

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12
Q

Blood vessels that supply the walls of larger arteries with O2’d blood and remove -O2’d blood

A

Vasa vasorum

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13
Q

A network of blood vessels that provide an alternative route for blood flow

A

Collateral circulation

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14
Q

Connection between vessels; union of two vessels going to the same body part

A

Anastomosis (pl. anastomoses)

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15
Q

-Heart is locates between the lungs
-Posterior to sternum
-2/3 of the mass of the heart is left to the midline of the body
-About the size of a closed fist

A

Relation to surrounding structures

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16
Q

-Apex is the blunt point on the inferior aspect
-Heart is hollow and divided by a septum
-Contains 4 chambers and 4 valves
-Covered by the pericardium (2 layers)

A

Anatomy of the heart

17
Q

Deepest layer of the heart

A

Endocardium

18
Q

Muscle layer in between the endocardium and epicardium
-Fed by the coronary arteries

A

Myocardium

19
Q

Most superficial or visceral layer of the heart
-Part of the visceral layer of the pericardium

A

Epicardium

20
Q

The covering of the heart, has two layers
-Visceral or deep layer directly surrounding the heart. Epicardium is the deepest layer of the visceral layer
-Parietal is the outer or superficial layer
-Layers glide over each other when the heart beats
-Small space between layers: ___ space

A

Pericardium

21
Q

Upper chambers of the heart
-R is the center for venous drainage
-L is where O2’d blood returns from the lungs
-Contract together

A

Atria (receiving chambers)

22
Q

Lower chambers of the heart
-R sends -O2’d blood to the lungs to be O2’d
-L sends blood out to the body
-Contract together

A

Ventricles

23
Q

Depression on the right atrium that is a remnant from the fetal development of the foramen ovale

A

Fossa ovalis

24
Q

Open into the right atrium and is where all veins empty

A

Superior and Inferior vena caval orifices

25
Q

Opening where drainage (-O2’d blood) from the heart itself returns to the right atrium

A

Coronary sinus orifice

26
Q

Right ventricle opening to the pulmonary trunk, which splits off into the pulmonary arteries

A

Common pulmonary artery orifice

27
Q

Left atrium openings where blood flows from the pulmonary veins enters back into the heart

A

Pulmonary venous orifices

28
Q

Left ventricle opens into the aorta

A

Aortic orifice

29
Q

A wall dividing two cavities

A

Septum
-Interatrial septum: between the upper chambers
-Interventricular septum: between the lower chambers

30
Q

Any one of the various membranous structures in a hollow organ or passage that temporarily permit the flow of fluid in one direction only.
-Functions to control and direct blood flow

A

Valves
-Atrioventricular valves: separate the atria from the ventricles
-Semilunar valves: separate the ventricles from their associated arteries

31
Q

Atrioventricular valves: Atria –> ventricle valves
-R atrium –> R ventricle
-L atria –> L ventricle

A

-Tricuspid valve
-Bicuspid or Mitral valve

32
Q

Semilunar valves: ventricles –> arteries
-Opens from the R ventricle into the pulmonary artery
-Opens from the L ventricle into the aorta

A

-Pulmonary semilunar valve
-Aortic semilunar valve

33
Q

Stringlike structures that connect the valves to the heart muscle

A

Chordae tendineae

34
Q

The muscles that attach the chordae tendineae to the walls of the chambers of the heart

A

Papillary muscles

35
Q

Fetal circulatory structures
Between the atria

A

Foramen ovale

36
Q

Fetal circulatory structures
Between the aorta and the pulmonary artery

A

Ductus arteriosis

37
Q

Fetal circulatory structures
Umbilical veins –> inferior vena cava

A

Ductus venosis

38
Q

Fetal circulatory structures
Take -O2’d blood from fetus to placenta

A

Umbilical arteries

39
Q

Fetal circulatory structures
Take O2’d blood from placenta to fetus

A

Umbilical veins

Anatomy (24 decks)

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