The cardiovascular system

Question 1

The study of the heart

Answer 1

Cardiology

Question 2

The study of arteries

Answer 2

Arteriology

Question 3

The study of veins

Answer 3

Phlebology

Question 4

Pertaining to or composed of vessels

Answer 4

Vascular

Question 5

The blood vessels, including arteries, capillaries, veins, and lymphatics
-Ex. the circulatory system

Answer 5

Vascular system

Question 6

-Oxygenating the cells of the body
-Removing waste from the body
-Maintaining homeostasis
-Regulating blood pressure

Answer 6

Functions of the cardiovascular system

Question 7

Large vessels that distribute blood from the hear to the arterioles
-Strong muscular walls
-No valves
-Carry O2’d blood with one exception
-Three layers: tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa

Answer 7

Arteries
pulmonary arteries do not carry oxygenated blood
-Tunica intima (interna): inner most layer, more elastic tissue
-Tunica media: middle layer, mostly smooth muscle
-Tunica externa (adventitia): most superficial layer, interacts with other tissue

Question 8

Smaller vessels that transfer blood from the arteries to the capillaries
-Tunica intima, media, and externa continuous with arteries
-Media may consist of 2 layers or be absent

Answer 8

Arterioles

Question 9

Microscopic exchange vessels
-Tunica intima only
-Form the network of vasculature present throughout the tissues

Answer 9

Capillaries

Question 10

Vessels that transfer blood from the capillaries to the veins
-Tunica intima, media, and externa
-Muscle layer is less developed
-Media may consist of 2 layers of may be absent

Answer 10

Venules

Question 11

Vessels that carry blood from the venules back to the heart
-Thinner walls because pressure is not as high
-Contain valves to prevent backflow of blood
-Carry -O2’d blood with one exception
-All empty into the superior vena vaca or inferior vena cave

Answer 11

Veins

Question 12

Blood vessels that supply the walls of larger arteries with O2’d blood and remove -O2’d blood

Answer 12

Vasa vasorum

Question 13

A network of blood vessels that provide an alternative route for blood flow

Answer 13

Collateral circulation

Question 14

Connection between vessels; union of two vessels going to the same body part

Answer 14

Anastomosis (pl. anastomoses)

Question 15

-Heart is locates between the lungs
-Posterior to sternum
-2/3 of the mass of the heart is left to the midline of the body
-About the size of a closed fist

Answer 15

Relation to surrounding structures

Question 16

-Apex is the blunt point on the inferior aspect
-Heart is hollow and divided by a septum
-Contains 4 chambers and 4 valves
-Covered by the pericardium (2 layers)

Answer 16

Anatomy of the heart

Question 17

Deepest layer of the heart

Answer 17

Endocardium

Question 18

Muscle layer in between the endocardium and epicardium
-Fed by the coronary arteries

Answer 18

Myocardium

Question 19

Most superficial or visceral layer of the heart
-Part of the visceral layer of the pericardium

Answer 19

Epicardium

Question 20

The covering of the heart, has two layers
-Visceral or deep layer directly surrounding the heart. Epicardium is the deepest layer of the visceral layer
-Parietal is the outer or superficial layer
-Layers glide over each other when the heart beats
-Small space between layers: ___ space

Answer 20

Pericardium

Question 21

Upper chambers of the heart
-R is the center for venous drainage
-L is where O2’d blood returns from the lungs
-Contract together

Answer 21

Atria (receiving chambers)

Question 22

Lower chambers of the heart
-R sends -O2’d blood to the lungs to be O2’d
-L sends blood out to the body
-Contract together

Answer 22

Ventricles

Question 23

Depression on the right atrium that is a remnant from the fetal development of the foramen ovale

Answer 23

Fossa ovalis

Question 24

Open into the right atrium and is where all veins empty

Answer 24

Superior and Inferior vena caval orifices

Question 25

Opening where drainage (-O2'd blood) from the heart itself returns to the right atrium

Answer 25

Coronary sinus orifice

Question 26

Right ventricle opening to the pulmonary trunk, which splits off into the pulmonary arteries

Answer 26

Common pulmonary artery orifice

Question 27

Left atrium openings where blood flows from the pulmonary veins enters back into the heart

Answer 27

Pulmonary venous orifices

Question 28

Left ventricle opens into the aorta

Answer 28

Aortic orifice

Question 29

A wall dividing two cavities

Answer 29

Septum -Interatrial septum: between the upper chambers -Interventricular septum: between the lower chambers

Question 30

Any one of the various membranous structures in a hollow organ or passage that temporarily permit the flow of fluid in one direction only. -Functions to control and direct blood flow

Answer 30

Valves -Atrioventricular valves: separate the atria from the ventricles -Semilunar valves: separate the ventricles from their associated arteries

Question 31

*Atrioventricular valves: Atria --> ventricle valves* -R atrium --> R ventricle -L atria --> L ventricle

Answer 31

-Tricuspid valve -Bicuspid or Mitral valve

Question 32

*Semilunar valves: ventricles --> arteries* -Opens from the R ventricle into the pulmonary artery -Opens from the L ventricle into the aorta

Answer 32

-Pulmonary semilunar valve -Aortic semilunar valve

Question 33

Stringlike structures that connect the valves to the heart muscle

Answer 33

Chordae tendineae

Question 34

The muscles that attach the chordae tendineae to the walls of the chambers of the heart

Answer 34

Papillary muscles

Question 35

*Fetal circulatory structures* Between the atria

Answer 35

Foramen ovale

Question 36

*Fetal circulatory structures* Between the aorta and the pulmonary artery

Answer 36

Ductus arteriosis

Question 37

*Fetal circulatory structures* Umbilical veins --> inferior vena cava

Answer 37

Ductus venosis

Question 38

*Fetal circulatory structures* Take -O2'd blood from fetus to placenta

Answer 38

Umbilical arteries

Question 39

*Fetal circulatory structures* Take O2'd blood from placenta to fetus

Answer 39

Umbilical veins