Digestive system

Question 1

The digestive system tube from the mouth to the anus, including the mouth (buccal cavity), pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines

Answer 1

Alimentary canal

Question 2

Relating to the cheek or mouth

Answer 2

Buccal

Question 3

A normal or abnormal bending away; an arc

Answer 3

Curvature

Question 4

Reduction of the harmful properties of a poisonous substance

Answer 4

Detoxification

Question 5

The entrance or outlet of any anatomical structure; an opening

Answer 5

Orifice

Question 6

A covering or layer

Answer 6

Tunic

Question 7

Membrane lining the abdominal cavity

Answer 7

Peritoneum

Question 8

Part of the peritoneum that secures the intestines

Answer 8

Mesentery

Question 9

of or pertaining to a sac-like structure.
Ex, the gallbladder or urinary bladder

Answer 9

Cystic

Question 10

undigested ingested material

Answer 10

Food

Question 11

Mass of chewed food

Answer 11

Bolus

Question 12

Bolus + gastric juices

Answer 12

Chyme

Question 13

The mouth.
-Begins mastication
-Lined with mucus membrane
-Roof of the mouth is formed by the hard and soft palate
-Tongue is an accessory organ that is anchored to the hyoid boned and made of skeletal muscle

Answer 13

Oral cavity/ Buccal cavity

Question 14

Pertaining to, or the formation of, saliva

Answer 14

Salivary

Question 15

One of the three pairs of glands that secrete saliva into the mouth.
1. Inferior/ anterior gland (near molars)
2. Floor of mouth glands
-Function in secreting digestive enzymes and keeping the mouth lubricated/ clean
-Encapsulated by connective tissue
-Acini: produce saliva

Answer 15

Salivary glands
1. Parotid glands
2. Submandibular glands

Question 16

-Incisors - front teeth
-Canines (cuspids) -pointed teeth
-Premolars (bicuspids
-Molars (tricuspids)
-Crown is the visible portion made of dentin, covered in enamel
-Root fits into the Alveolar process

Answer 16

Teeth

Question 17

Muscular tube connecting the mouth/ nose to the esophagus.
-Main function is swallowing
-Lined with mucus membrane
-Functions in respiratory/ digestive processes
-Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx: subdivisions from super. to infer.

Answer 17

Pharynx

Question 18

Fibromuscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach.
-Main function is moving bolus toward the stomach
-Cardiac sphincter: separates ___ from stomach

Answer 18

Esophagus

Question 19

-Serosa: superficial membrane
-Muscularis: muscle layer; functions in peristalsis
-Submucosa: second layer containing vasculature
-Mucosa: deepest layer (mucus membrane)

Answer 19

Esophagus layers that are continuous with the rest of the digestive system

Question 20

Large, expanding pouch that chewed food enters after being swallowed and passing through the pharynx and the esophagus.
-Cells inside secrete gastric juices
-Partial digestion occurs
-Pyloric sphincter: separates ___ and small intestine

Answer 20

Stomach

Question 21

1. Curved portion of the stomach to the left and above the opening into the esophagus
2. Central part of the stomach
3. Lower, narrow section of the stomach
4. Upper right curvature
5. Lower left curvature
6. Folds in the stomach when it is empty

Answer 21

Features of the stomach.
1. Fundus
2. Body
3. Pylorus
4. Lesser curvature
5. Greater curvature
6. Rugae

Question 22

Tubular structure functioning in digestion and absorption.
-Roughly 20ft long in adults
-More narrow but larger that it’s counter part
-Ducts open into it and release pancreatic digestive juices, enzymes, and bile from the liver
-Ileocecal valve: connects ___ to counter part

Answer 22

Small intestine

Question 23

Divisions of the small intestine:
1. C-shaped division connecting with the stomach.
2. Between the duodenum and the ileum
3. Connects to the large intestine
4. Masses of lymphatic tissue found in the small intestines

Answer 23

1.Duodenum
2. Jejunum
3. Ileum
4. Peyer’s patches

Question 24

Tubular structure functioning in digestion and reabsorption of salt and water.
-Contains good bact. or microbiome of the gut
-Roughly 5ft long in adults
-Shorter but wider that it’s counterpart
-Chyme becomes more solid

Answer 24

Large intestine

Question 25

A narrow, worm-shaped tube connected to the cecum. -Serves as a container for nonpathogenic bacteria -Inner sphincter is smooth/ involuntary -Outer sphincter is striated/ voluntary Both sphincters lead into the rectum -Rectum leads to anal canal -Waste material exits via the anal canal

Answer 25

Vermiform appendix

Question 26

1. Ascending colon (Hepatic flexure) 2. Transverse colon (Splenic flexure) 3. Descending colon 4. Sigmoid colon

Answer 26

Colon divisions

Question 27

The organs (liver and gallbladder) and ducts that participate in the secretion, storage, and delivery of bile to the duodenum

Answer 27

Biliary tract

Question 28

Substance that reduces large lipid globules into smaller, more digestible substances. *Biliary tract*

Answer 28

Bile

Question 29

Pertaining to bile *biliary tract*

Answer 29

Biliary

Question 30

Multilobed exocrine gland functioning in detoxification of the blood, metabolism, and bile production. -Largest gland and largest internal organ in the body. -Located in the upper right abdominal quadrant -Lobes - well defined parts of an organ separated by boundaries

Answer 30

Liver

Question 31

Abdominal organ that produces bile. -Located beneath the liver on the inferior right side -Fundus is the lateral protruding portion -Body is the main portion -Neck is where they cystic artery and cystic duct connect to the ___

Answer 31

Gallbladder

Question 32

-Hepatic duct and Cystic duct carries bile from the liver to the gallbladder -Hepatic and Cystic ducts combine to form the common bile duct -Common bile duct opens into the intestine -Hepatopancreatic duct: where the CBD and pancreatic duct meet; enters the duodenum

Answer 32

Biliary duct

Question 33

Gland in the abdominal cavity responsible for producing pancreatic juices. -Juices contain enzymes that assist with digestion -Also functions in the endocrine system by releasing hormones -Considered to be a heterocrine gland -Located in the concavity formed by the C shape of the duodenum (retroperitoneal)

Answer 33

Pancreas

Question 34

1. Islets of Langerhans -Endocrine portion -Functions in controlling blood glucose levels 2. Pancreatic ducts -Exocrine portion -Functions in releasing digestive enzymes

Answer 34

Pancreas portions

Question 35

Separates the esophagus from the stomach

Answer 35

Cardiac sphincter

Question 36

Separates the stomach and the small intestine

Answer 36

Pyloric sphincter

Question 37

Connects the small intestine to the large intestine

Answer 37

Ileocecal valve

Question 38

Area that the ileocecal valve opens into; connects with small intestine and contains vermiform appendix

Answer 38

Cecum

Question 39

The part of the large intestine beginning with the ascending colon and ending with the sigmoid colon

Answer 39

Colon