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Anatomy > Digestive system > Flashcards

Digestive system Flashcards

1
Q

The digestive system tube from the mouth to the anus, including the mouth (buccal cavity), pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines

A

Alimentary canal

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2
Q

Relating to the cheek or mouth

A

Buccal

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3
Q

A normal or abnormal bending away; an arc

A

Curvature

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4
Q

Reduction of the harmful properties of a poisonous substance

A

Detoxification

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5
Q

The entrance or outlet of any anatomical structure; an opening

A

Orifice

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6
Q

A covering or layer

A

Tunic

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7
Q

Membrane lining the abdominal cavity

A

Peritoneum

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8
Q

Part of the peritoneum that secures the intestines

A

Mesentery

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9
Q

of or pertaining to a sac-like structure.
Ex, the gallbladder or urinary bladder

A

Cystic

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10
Q

undigested ingested material

A

Food

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11
Q

Mass of chewed food

A

Bolus

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12
Q

Bolus + gastric juices

A

Chyme

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13
Q

The mouth.
-Begins mastication
-Lined with mucus membrane
-Roof of the mouth is formed by the hard and soft palate
-Tongue is an accessory organ that is anchored to the hyoid boned and made of skeletal muscle

A

Oral cavity/ Buccal cavity

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14
Q

Pertaining to, or the formation of, saliva

A

Salivary

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15
Q

One of the three pairs of glands that secrete saliva into the mouth.
1. Inferior/ anterior gland (near molars)
2. Floor of mouth glands
-Function in secreting digestive enzymes and keeping the mouth lubricated/ clean
-Encapsulated by connective tissue
-Acini: produce saliva

A

Salivary glands
1. Parotid glands
2. Submandibular glands

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16
Q

-Incisors - front teeth
-Canines (cuspids) -pointed teeth
-Premolars (bicuspids
-Molars (tricuspids)
-Crown is the visible portion made of dentin, covered in enamel
-Root fits into the Alveolar process

A

Teeth

17
Q

Muscular tube connecting the mouth/ nose to the esophagus.
-Main function is swallowing
-Lined with mucus membrane
-Functions in respiratory/ digestive processes
-Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx: subdivisions from super. to infer.

A

Pharynx

18
Q

Fibromuscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach.
-Main function is moving bolus toward the stomach
-Cardiac sphincter: separates ___ from stomach

A

Esophagus

19
Q

-Serosa: superficial membrane
-Muscularis: muscle layer; functions in peristalsis
-Submucosa: second layer containing vasculature
-Mucosa: deepest layer (mucus membrane)

A

Esophagus layers that are continuous with the rest of the digestive system

20
Q

Large, expanding pouch that chewed food enters after being swallowed and passing through the pharynx and the esophagus.
-Cells inside secrete gastric juices
-Partial digestion occurs
-Pyloric sphincter: separates ___ and small intestine

A

Stomach

21
Q
  1. Curved portion of the stomach to the left and above the opening into the esophagus
  2. Central part of the stomach
  3. Lower, narrow section of the stomach
  4. Upper right curvature
  5. Lower left curvature
  6. Folds in the stomach when it is empty
A

Features of the stomach.
1. Fundus
2. Body
3. Pylorus
4. Lesser curvature
5. Greater curvature
6. Rugae

22
Q

Tubular structure functioning in digestion and absorption.
-Roughly 20ft long in adults
-More narrow but larger that it’s counter part
-Ducts open into it and release pancreatic digestive juices, enzymes, and bile from the liver
-Ileocecal valve: connects ___ to counter part

A

Small intestine

23
Q

Divisions of the small intestine:
1. C-shaped division connecting with the stomach.
2. Between the duodenum and the ileum
3. Connects to the large intestine
4. Masses of lymphatic tissue found in the small intestines

A

1.Duodenum
2. Jejunum
3. Ileum
4. Peyer’s patches

24
Q

Tubular structure functioning in digestion and reabsorption of salt and water.
-Contains good bact. or microbiome of the gut
-Roughly 5ft long in adults
-Shorter but wider that it’s counterpart
-Chyme becomes more solid

A

Large intestine

25
Q

A narrow, worm-shaped tube connected to the cecum.
-Serves as a container for nonpathogenic bacteria
-Inner sphincter is smooth/ involuntary
-Outer sphincter is striated/ voluntary
Both sphincters lead into the rectum
-Rectum leads to anal canal
-Waste material exits via the anal canal

A

Vermiform appendix

26
Q
  1. Ascending colon (Hepatic flexure)
  2. Transverse colon
    (Splenic flexure)
  3. Descending colon
  4. Sigmoid colon
A

Colon divisions

27
Q

The organs (liver and gallbladder) and ducts that participate in the secretion, storage, and delivery of bile to the duodenum

A

Biliary tract

28
Q

Substance that reduces large lipid globules into smaller, more digestible substances.
Biliary tract

A

Bile

29
Q

Pertaining to bile
biliary tract

A

Biliary

30
Q

Multilobed exocrine gland functioning in detoxification of the blood, metabolism, and bile production.
-Largest gland and largest internal organ in the body.
-Located in the upper right abdominal quadrant
-Lobes - well defined parts of an organ separated by boundaries

A

Liver

31
Q

Abdominal organ that produces bile.
-Located beneath the liver on the inferior right side
-Fundus is the lateral protruding portion
-Body is the main portion
-Neck is where they cystic artery and cystic duct connect to the ___

A

Gallbladder

32
Q

-Hepatic duct and Cystic duct carries bile from the liver to the gallbladder
-Hepatic and Cystic ducts combine to form the common bile duct
-Common bile duct opens into the intestine
-Hepatopancreatic duct: where the CBD and pancreatic duct meet; enters the duodenum

A

Biliary duct

33
Q

Gland in the abdominal cavity responsible for producing pancreatic juices.
-Juices contain enzymes that assist with digestion
-Also functions in the endocrine system by releasing hormones
-Considered to be a heterocrine gland
-Located in the concavity formed by the C shape of the duodenum (retroperitoneal)

A

Pancreas

34
Q
  1. Islets of Langerhans
    -Endocrine portion
    -Functions in controlling blood glucose levels
  2. Pancreatic ducts
    -Exocrine portion
    -Functions in releasing digestive enzymes
A

Pancreas portions

35
Q

Separates the esophagus from the stomach

A

Cardiac sphincter

36
Q

Separates the stomach and the small intestine

A

Pyloric sphincter

37
Q

Connects the small intestine to the large intestine

A

Ileocecal valve

38
Q

Area that the ileocecal valve opens into; connects with small intestine and contains vermiform appendix

A

Cecum

39
Q

The part of the large intestine beginning with the ascending colon and ending with the sigmoid colon

A

Colon

Anatomy (24 decks)

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