The nervous system

Question 1

The study of the nervous system

Answer 1

Neurology

Question 2

-Nervous system is designed to transmit information via nerve impulses from one area of the body to another
-Organs include the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs like the eyes and ears

Answer 2

Overview of the nervous system

Question 3

1. Central nervous system: brain + spinal cord
2. Peripheral nervous system: spinal nerves and cranial nerves

Answer 3

Nervous system divisions

Question 4

Nerve cells
-Made up of the cell body, dendrites, and the axon

Answer 4

Neurons

Question 5

Neurons that carry impulses to the brain

Answer 5

Sensory / afferent

Question 6

Neurons that carry impulses from the brain

Answer 6

Motor / efferent

Question 7

Support cells in the nervous system

Answer 7

Glia

Question 8

The external portion of the brain

Answer 8

Cerebral cortex

Question 9

Divides the brain into two cerebral hemispheres

Answer 9

Corpus callosum

Question 10

Grooves that separate the lobes of the brain

Answer 10

Sulci

Question 11

Deep sulci

Answer 11

Fissures

Question 12

Ridges that lie along the brain

Answer 12

Gyri

Question 13

Cavities within the brain

Answer 13

Vantricles

Question 14

Lobes of the brain
Emotions, planning, reasoning, problem solving

Answer 14

Frontal lobe

Question 15

Lobes of the brain
Sensory information

Answer 15

Parietal lobe

Question 16

Lobes of the brain
Sensory information, language, hearing, memory formation

Answer 16

Temporal lobe

Question 17

Lobes of the brain
Vision, interpretation of vision

Answer 17

Occipital lobe

Question 18

What are the division of the brain?

Answer 18

1. Brainstem
2. Cerebellum
3. Diencephalon
4. Cerebrum

Question 19

Functions in cardiac output, respiration, and vasodilation / vasoconstriction

Answer 19

Brainstem (medulla)

Question 20

Divisions of the brainstem
Lowest part of the brainstem
-Functions in respiration cardiac function, vasodilation, and reflexes

Answer 20

Medulla oblongata

Question 21

Divisions of the brainstem
Between the midbrain and the medulla oblongata
-Functions in respiration

Answer 21

Pons

Question 22

Divisions of the brainstem
Central connection between the spinal cord and the brain, functions in motor movement and auditory / visual processing

Answer 22

Midbrain

Question 23

Functions in producing smooth and coordinated muscle movements, maintaining equilibrium, and sustaining posture
-Lies under the occipital lobe of the cerebrum at the back of the brain

Answer 23

Cerebellum

Question 24

Functions in coordinating the release of hormones from the endocrine system, relaying sensory and motor signals, and regulating the sleep / wake cycle
-In the central portion of the brain

Answer 24

Diencephalon

Question 25

*Divisions of the diencephalon* -Below the thalamus -Functions in controlling heartbeat, constriction / dilation of blood vessels, contractions of the stomach / intestines, and body temperature -Neurons produce hormones that the posterior pituitary gland secretes

Answer 25

Hypothalamus

Question 26

*Divisions of the diencephalon* -Above the hypothalamus (dumbbell shaped) -Functions in relaying sensory information, associating sensations with emotions, regulating levels of consciousness, and motor reflex production

Answer 26

Thalamus

Question 27

*Divisions of the diencephalon* -Posterior to the thalamus -Functions in the output of melatonin

Answer 27

Pineal gland

Question 28

Functions in sensory perception, emotions, willed movements, consciousness, and memory -Largest and most superior portion of the brain

Answer 28

Cerebrum

Question 29

Functions in carrying impulses to and from the brain -Inside the spinal cavity -Extends from the occipital bone to the bottom of the first lumbar vertebrae

Answer 29

Spinal cord

Question 30

The three layers of membranes that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord. 1. Tough outer layer 2. Middle layer 3. Innermost layer

Answer 30

Meninges 1. Dura mater 2. Arachnoid mater 3. Pia mater

Question 31

Cleat liquid that fills the subarachnoid spaces and ventricles in the brain and in the spinal cord -Circulating fluid produces in the ventricles -Function is to provide nutrients and prevent injury -Filters waste products out of the brain so the nervous system can function properly -Circulating throughout the brain, subarachnoid spaces, spinal cord, and ventricles

Answer 31

Cerebrospinal fluid

Question 32

12 paired nerves located on the back of the brain -Generally function in taste, smell, hearing, feeling sensations, and making facial expressions -Conduct impulses between the brain and the structures in the head, neck and torso

Answer 32

Cranial nerves

Question 33

*Specific cranial nerve* Smelling

Answer 33

Olfactory

Question 34

*Specific cranial nerve* Vision

Answer 34

Optic

Question 35

*Specific cranial nerve* Eye movements

Answer 35

-Oculomotor -Trochlear -Abducens

Question 36

*Specific cranial nerve* Sensations of the face, scalp, and teeth (chewing)

Answer 36

Trigeminal

Question 37

*Specific cranial nerve* Taste, facial expressions

Answer 37

Facial

Question 38

*Specific cranial nerve* Hearing, sense of balance

Answer 38

Vestibulocochlear

Question 39

*Specific cranial nerve* Sensations of the throat, taste, swallowing movements, secretion of saliva

Answer 39

Glossopharyngeal

Question 40

*Specific cranial nerve* Sensations of the throat / abdominal organs, voice production, slowing heartbeat, peristalsis

Answer 40

Vagus

Question 41

*Specific cranial nerve* Shoulder movements, turning head

Answer 41

Accessory

Question 42

*Specific cranial nerve* Tongue movements

Answer 42

Hypoglossal

Question 43

31 pairs of nerves that function in conducting impulses between the spinal cord and the parts of the body not supplied by the cranial nerves making sensations and movements possible -No special names -Attach to spinal cord

Answer 43

Spinal nerves

Question 44

How many nerves attach to each segment of the spine?

Answer 44

-8 attach to the cervical segment -12 attach to the thoracic segment -5 attach to the lumbar segment -5 attach to the sacral segment -1 attached to the coccygeal segment