The cascade and responsible use of medicines in food animals Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cascade?

A

a risk analysis cascade to work out whether we can use drugs not licensed for that specific species but licensed in another

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2
Q

What are your responsibilities as a vet?

A

the health of the animal

the health of the public

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3
Q

List why responsible medicine use is important

A
  • antimicrobial resistance
  • anthelmintic resistance
  • animal health and welfare- reduce need for medicine and treatment
  • safeguarding the food supply
  • food quality and safety
  • environmental impact
  • public health, direct (contamination of food chain) and indirect risks (antibiotic into environment)
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4
Q

Why is this difficult in some cases?

A

some animals can be kept as pets or as food-producing animals
different restrictions for food-producing animals and legislation about what can be given to them. EG: pet pigs can’t be given any drugs, has to be the ones acceptable for a food producing animal.

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5
Q

What are the different distribution caetgories?

A
  • Prescription-only medicines-Vet
  • prescription-only medicines- Vet, Pharmacist, SQP= suitably qualified person
  • Non-food animal- Vet, Pharmacist, SQP
  • Authorised Veterinary Medicine- off the shelf, a general sales list.
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6
Q

What will SQP change to in new legislation?

A

SQP= suitably qualified person
RAMA= Registered Animal medicine advisor
Receive particular training

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7
Q

What is a data sheet?

A

summary of characteristics of the product, including vital information about the formulation, dosage, risk, who produced it, and withdrawal periods.
NOAH compendium- searchable database

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8
Q

What does NOAH stand for?

A

National office for Animal health

members organisation of pharmaceutical companies

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9
Q

What key information should a prescription have on it?

A

For a farmer/ food-producing animals: withdrawal period, and if its prescribed under the cascade

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10
Q

What is important for labelling?

A

Medicines must be appropriately labelled with withdrawal periods if required.

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11
Q

why do some species lack medicines that are licenced for their use?

A

Minority species, such as goats, there isn’t an economical demand or substantial requirement, therefore vets can use the cascade since a medicine may be perfectly good for a different species or different condition but it’s not authorised for that purpose

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12
Q

What is important to be aware of when prescribing medicines through the cascade methods?

A

Withdrawal periods

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13
Q

What is the minimum withdrawal period for Eggs ad milk?

A

Should not be less than 7 days

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14
Q

What is the minimum withdrawal period for meat from poultry and mammals?

A

Should not be less than 28 days

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15
Q

What is the minimum withdrawal period for fish meat?

A

500 degree days

1 degree multiplied by the number of days

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16
Q

When would the withdrawal period be longer?

A

When the medicine itself states a longer withdrawal period, therefore choose the longest of both periods

17
Q

What is the extra step with prescribing medicines for food-producing animals?

A

Only substances listed on the commission’s regulations EU No 37/2010 can be administered to food-producing animals

18
Q

Why can’t some active ingredients in medicines be used?

A
  • not for human consumption medicines, such as bute for horses- have to have their passports signed to be given this painkiller in the UK, not legal in the EU because unlikely to be sure they won’t be used for human food.
19
Q

What is really important with medicine records?

A
  • needs to be traceable
  • ensure the withdrawal time is respected
  • kept up to date and accessible
20
Q

What are the different methods of administration?

A

Oral, IV, IM, SC, Intramammary, Topical, Intraperitoneal, Intrauterine, the base of the ear

21
Q

What aspects of safety, animal welfare, and product quality need to be ensured?

A

Restraint, New needles, Health and safety, animal welfare- avoid locomotor muscles, carcass/ hide damage kept to a minimum

22
Q

What is important to report?

A

Adverse reactions, sometimes it does go wrong!

23
Q

How many key areas and points does the European commission 5-year action plan have?

A

7 key areas

12 point plan

24
Q

What are the 7 key areas of the Europeans commission 5-year plan?

A
  1. appropriate use of antimicrobials
  2. preventing antimicrobial infections and their spread
  3. new effective antimicrobials
  4. cooperating to contain risks of AMR
  5. improving monitoring and surveillance
  6. Research and innovation
  7. communication, education and training