The Cell Cycle And Mitosis

Question 1

During the cell cycle, what does a cell do?

Answer 1

A cell grows, prepares for division, and then divides to form two daughter cells, which then begin their own cell cycle.

Question 2

What are the two main phases of the cell cycle?

Answer 2

Interphase and M

Question 3

What are the three phases of Interphase?

Answer 3

G1, S, and G2

Question 4

What are the two phases of M?

Answer 4

Mitosis and cytokinesis

Question 5

What does G stand for in G1 and G2?

Answer 5

Growth, or gap.

Question 6

What happens during G1?

Answer 6

Cell growth, organelles are copied

Question 7

What happens during S?

Answer 7

The DNA is replicated in preparation for mitosis.

Question 8

What happens during G2?

Answer 8

More cell growth, chromosomes checked for errors.

Question 9

What are the four phases of mitosis?

Answer 9

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

Question 10

How long can the phases of mitosis last?

Answer 10

Anywhere from a few minutes to several days.

Question 11

What is the cell cycle?

Answer 11

A series of events that cells go through during their lifetime.

Question 12

What happens to the chromatin during prophase?

Answer 12

It condenses into chromosomes.

Question 13

What happens to the centrioles during prophase?

Answer 13

They move to opposite sides and form fibers that will help pull apart the chromosomes.

Question 14

Which is the longest phase of mitosis?

Answer 14

Prophase

Question 15

In prophase, what are the fibers formed that have a specific job called?

Answer 15

Spindle fibers.

Question 16

What happens to the nuclear membrane during prophase?

Answer 16

It breaks down.

Question 17

What happens to the chromosomes during metaphase?

Answer 17

They line up across the equator of the cell.

Question 18

What happens to the spindle fibers during metaphase?

Answer 18

They attach to the centromere of each chromosome.

Question 19

What happens to the centromeres during anaphase?

Answer 19

The centromeres separate.

Question 20

During anaphase, what does the separation of the centromeres cause?

Answer 20

The separation of the sister chromatids and making them become individual chromosomes.

Question 21

What happens to individual chromosomes which are the product of anaphase?

Answer 21

They move to the opposite sides of the cell.

Question 22

What happens to the chromosomes during telophase?

Answer 22

They become chromatid.

Question 23

During telophase, what happens to the spindle fibers?

Answer 23

They break apart

Question 24

What happens to the nuclear membrane during telophase?

Answer 24

It reforms round each cluster of chromosomes.

Question 25

What happens to the chromatin during prophase?

Answer 25

It condenses into chromosomes.

Question 26

What happens to the centrioles during prophase?

Answer 26

They move to the opposite sides of the cell and form fibers that will help pull apart the chromosomes.

Question 27

What are the fibers formed during prophase called?

Answer 27

Spindle fibers

Question 28

What happens to the nuclear membrane during prophase?

Answer 28

It breaks down

Question 29

What happens to the chromosomes during metaphase?

Answer 29

They line up across the equator of the cell

Question 30

What happens to the spindle fibers during metaphase?

Answer 30

They attach to the centromere of each chromosome

Question 31

What happens to the centromeres during anaphase? What does this cause?

Answer 31

They separate, separating the sister chromatids into individual chromosomes

Question 32

What happens to the chromosomes during anaphase?

Answer 32

They move to opposite sides of the cell

Question 33

What happens to the spindle fibers during telophase?

Answer 33

They break apart

Question 34

During telophase, are they chromosomes or chromatid?

Answer 34

They switch from chromosomes to chromatid

Question 35

What happens during telophase to the clusters of chromosomes?

Answer 35

Nuclear membrane reforms around each one.

Question 36

What is cytokinesis?

Answer 36

The division of a cell after mitosis or meiosis

Question 37

Why do we need cytokinesis?

Answer 37

Because we now have one cell with two nuclei and the cytoplasm needs to split off to form two new cells

Question 38

What happens to an animal cell during cytokinesis?

Answer 38

The cell membrane pinches in the middle

Question 39

What happens to an plant cell during cytokinesis?

Answer 39

A cell plate forms between the two nuclei, eventually forming a cell membrane and cell wall

Question 40

How do prokaryotic cells divide?

Answer 40

Binary fission.

Question 41

What happens during binary fission?

Answer 41

DNA is copied, then cell membrane pushes inward between the two DNA copies and pinches off into two individual cells.

Question 42

What is different about the DNA in Binary fission?

Answer 42

It's circular.

Question 43

How does a cell know when it's time to divide?

Answer 43

The right presence of cyclins.

Question 44

What are cyclins?

Answer 44

Special proteins that are present in different amounts throughout the cell cycle.

Question 45

How do cyclins help the cell know when it's time to divide?

Answer 45

Because of the amount of it present, it can help signal when the cell should proceed to the next stage.

Question 46

What is cancer?

Answer 46

A disorder when the body's own cells mutate and lose the ability to control growth.

Question 47

What are tumors?

Answer 47

Masses of cells.

Question 48

Why do cancer cells form tumors?

Answer 48

Because cancer cells don't respond to signals that regulate the growth of most cells.

Question 49

What can cause cancer?

Answer 49

Radiation, certain chemicals, or certain viruses, such as HPV.

Question 50

Cell cycle

Answer 50

series of events cells go through during lifetime