The Cell_Lesson 10.2 Flashcards
(124 cards)
1
Q
Living things are made up of…
A
one or more cells
2
Q
The size and shape of a cell relates to…
A
Its job or function
3
Q
A nerve cell’s projections allow it to…
A
send signals over long distances
4
Q
Disk-shaped red blood cells carry…
A
Oxygen and travel through small blood vessels
5
Q
Tube-like plant xylem cells are hollow and…
A
Carry water and dissolved substances
6
Q
Every cell is surrounded by a protective covering called a…
A
Cell membrane
7
Q
A flexible covering that protects the inside of a cell from the environment outside a cell
A
Cell membrane
8
Q
Cell membranes are mostly made up of what two macromolecules?
A
Proteins and a type of lipid called a phospholipids
9
Q
Phospholipids are categorized under what macromolecule?
A
Lipids
10
Q
Act as a HIGHLY selective barrier between the external environment and the inside of the cell
A
Cell membrane
11
Q
A stiff structure outside the cell membrane
A
Cell wall
12
Q
The cell wall is composed of mostly what?
A
Carbohydrates, such as cellulose
13
Q
Cellulose is categorized under what macromolecule?
A
Carbohydrates
14
Q
A cell wall protects a cell from…
A
Attack by viruses and other harmful organisms
15
Q
In some plant and fungal cells, a cell wall helps maintain the cell’s…
A
Shape and gives structural support
16
Q
Act as a NON-selective barrier between the external environment and the inside of the cell
A
Cell wall
17
Q
Cells appendages are often used for…
A
Movement
18
Q
Long, tail-like appendages that whip back and forth and move a cell.
A
Flagella
19
Q
Short, hair-like structures
A
Cilia
20
Q
Arms, legs, claws, and antennae are types of…
A
Appendages
21
Q
Flagella and cilia are types of…
A
Cell appendages
22
Q
Can move a cell or move molecules away from a cell
A
Cell appendages
23
Q
Moves harmful substances away from your lungs
A
Cilia
24
Q
Most of the water in a cell is in…
A
The cytoplasm
25
A fluid inside a cell that contains salts and other molecules
Cytoplasm
26
A network of threadlike proteins that are joined together
Cytoskeleton
27
The proteins inside a cytoskeleton form a...
Framework inside a cell
28
The framework formed inside a cytoskeleton effects a cell by...
Giving a cell it’s shape and helping it move
29
Cilia and flagella are made up of the same proteins that make up the...
Cytoskeleton
30
The cytoskeleton can effect an animal cell by...
Maintaining the shape of the animal cell
31
The center of a nucleus is called the...
Nucleolus
32
The surrounding part of a nucleus is called the...
Nuclear envelope
33
Surrounds the center part of the Nucleus
Genetic Material
34
Enabled scientists to discover cells
Microscope
35
The genetic material in a prokaryotic cell is NOT surrounded by a...
Membrane
36
Most prokaryotic cells are _____ organisms
Unicellular
37
Organisms which are made up of prokaryotic cells are called...
Prokaryotes
38
Have genetic material which floats freely in the cytoplasm
Prokaryotic cells
39
Plants, animals, fungi, and protists are made up of...
Eukaryotic cells
40
Organisms made up of eukaryotic cells are called...
Eukaryotes
41
Each eukaryotic cell has genetic material that IS surrounded by a...
Membrane
42
Each prokaryotic cell has it’s genetic material...
Floating freely in the cytoplasm
43
Each eukaryotic cell has it’s genetic material...
Surrounded by a membrane
44
Organelles are contained in which type of cell?
Eukaryotic cells
45
Eukaryotic cell structures which with specific functions
Organelle
46
Most organelles are surrounded by a...
Membrane
47
Eukaryotic cells are typically larger than...
Prokaryotic cells
48
Prokaryotic cells are typically larger than...
Eukaryotes cells
49
Around __ prokaryotic cells could fit into one eukaryotic cell
10
50
Around 10 _____ cells could fit into one_______ cell
Prokaryotic; Eukaryotic
51
Do prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells contain more parts?
Eukaryotic
52
Kingdoms made up of eukaryotic cells include...
Plants, animals, fungi, and some protists
53
Plants, animals, fungi, and some protists are made up of...
Eukaryotic cells
54
Enable cells to carry out different functions at the same time
Organelles
55
Cells can obtain energy from food, store information, make macromolecules, and get rid of waste materials at the same timed because...
Different organelles perform different tasks
56
Largest organelle inside most eukaryotic cells
Nucleus
57
The part of a eukaryotic cell that directs cell activities and contains genetic information stored in DNA
Nucleus
58
DNA is organized into structures called...
Chromosomes
59
The number of these changes for different species of organisms
Chromosomes
60
Often seen as a large dark spot in the nucleus of a cell
Nucleolus
61
Makes ribosomes in the nucleus
Nucleolus
62
Organelles that are involved in the production of proteins
Ribosomes
63
Surrounds the nucleus and contains many pores
Nuclear envelope
64
Directs cell activity and is surrounded by a membrane
Nucleus
65
Certain _____ move through the nuclear envelope's pores
Molecules
66
Proteins are made on...
Ribosomes
67
Unlike other cell organelles, a _____ is not surrounded by a membrane
Ribosome
68
Located in a cell's cytoplasm
Ribosomes
69
Can be attached to a web-like organelle called the endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes
70
ER is an abbreviation of the...
Endoplasmic reticulum
71
Spreads throughout most of the cytoplasm
Endoplasmic reticulum
72
ER with ribosomes on its surface is called...
Rough ER
73
The site of protein production
Rough ER
74
ER without ribosomes on its surface is called...
Smooth ER
75
Which ER makes lipids such as cholesterol?
Smooth ER
76
Which ER helps remove harmful substances from a cell?
Smooth ER
77
All living things require _____ to survive
Energy
78
One function of specialized organelles is to process...
Energy
79
Made of many folded membranes
Endoplasmic reticulum (en duh PLAZ mihk * rih TIHK yuh lum)
80
Provide a cell with usable energy
Mitochondria
81
Like the nucleus, a ______ is surrounded by two membranes
Mitochondrion
82
During chemical reactions that occur in mitochondria, ______ is released
Energy
83
Energy released during chemical reactions which occur in the mitochondria are stored in high-energy molecules called...
ATP
84
ATP is short for...
Adenosine triphosphate (uh DEN uh seen *tri FAHS) fayt
85
ATP is the fuel for...
Cellular processes
86
Growth, cell division, and material transport are examples of...
Cellular processes
87
Chloroplasts can contained in...
Plant cells and some protists- such as algae
88
Membrane-bound organelles that use light energy and make food- a sugar called glucose- from water and carbon dioxide in a process known as photosynthesis
Chloroplasts
89
Chloroplasts create food- a sugar called glucose- from ...
Water and carbon dioxide
90
Chloroplasts use water and carbon dioxide to create food- a sugar called glucose- in a process known as...
Photosynthesis
91
Glucose contains...
Stored chemical energy
92
Stored chemical energy can be release when...
A cell needs it
93
Contain chloroplasts that use light energy and make food
Plant cells
94
Packages materials into vesicles
Golgi apparatus
95
Near the ER is an organelle which looks like a stack of pancakes called the...
Golgi apparatus
96
Prepares proteins for their specific jobs or functions
Golgi apparatus
97
The Golgi apparatus packages prepared proteins into tiny, membrane-bound, ball-like structures called...
Vesicles
98
Organelles that transport substances from one area of a cell to another
Vesicles
99
Some vesicles in animal cells are called...
Lysosomes
100
Contain substances that help break down and recycle cellular components
Lysosomes
101
Some cells contain saclike structures called...
Vacuoles (VAK yuh wohlz)
102
Organelles that store food, water, and waste material
Vacuoles (VAK yuh wohlz)
103
A typical plant cell usually has one large ____ that stores water and other substances
Vacuole (VAK yuh wohlz)
104
Most animal cells have many different ____
Vacuoles (VAK yuh wohlz)
105
Is the nucleus contained in plant cells, animal cells, or both?
Both
106
Are ribosomes contained in plant cells, animal cells, or both?
Both
107
Is the endoplasmic reticulum contained in plant cells, animal cells, or both?
Both
108
Are mitochondrion contained in plant cells, animal cells, or both?
Both
109
Are chloroplasts contained in plant cells, animal cells, or both?
Plant
110
Is the Golgi apparatus contained in plant cells, animal cells, or both?
Both
111
Are vesicles contained in plant cells, animal cells, or both?
Both
112
Are central vacuoles contained in plant cells, animal cells, or both?
Plant
113
Are lysosome contained in plant cells, animal cells, or both?
Both
114
Executes photosynthesis
Chloroplast
115
An individual vacuole in a plant cell is called a...
Central vacuole
116
Which cell structure could be called the packaging center of the cell?
Golgi apparatus
117
Your body is protected by multiple layers of skin cells. What shape would expect a cell on the outer layer of skin to have?
A flat shape
118
Why would you expect a cell on the outer layer of skin to have a flat shape?
Because it layers more efficiently
119
Stores energy for the cell in the form ATP
Mitochondrion
120
Cell shape relates to...
The function the cell performs
121
Rosa uses a microscope to look at a GROUP of cells. She sees that the cells are joined together, so she knows that they are from one organism. She also sees that all of them have cell walls. Rosa could be looking at...
Mushroom cells
122
Rosa uses a microscope to look at a GROUP of cells. She sees that the cells are joined together, so she knows that they are from one organism. She also sees that all of them have cell walls. Could Rosa be looking at mushroom cells?
Yes; It is not unicellular and contains cell walls
123
A blood cell is able to carry oxygen and travel through small blood vessels because of it's
Small size and disk shape
124
A cell wall maintains...
the shape of plant cells
