Transporting Materials_Lesson 12.1 Flashcards
(160 cards)
1
Q
the basic unit of life
A
cell
2
Q
define tissue
A
organized group of cells that work together
3
Q
define organ system
A
groups of organs that work together and perform a specific task
4
Q
steadies internal conditions when external conditions change
A
homeostasis
5
Q
when exercising, your body _____ energy
A
stores
6
Q
your body releases excess energy as…
A
thermal energy
7
Q
Also called sweat, this helps the body release thermal energy and maintain homeostasis
A
perspiration
8
Q
groups of cells that function together form…
A
tissues
9
Q
groups of tissues that function together form…
A
organs
10
Q
groups of organs that function together form…
A
organ systems
11
Q
organ systems provide…
A
movement and transport substancesRWEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE
12
Q
organ systems maintain…
A
homeostasis
13
Q
what do humans need to survive?
A
food, water, and oxygen
14
Q
food contains ______ that is ________ by the body
A
energy; processed
15
Q
define digestion
A
the process by which food is broken down
16
Q
define excretion
A
the process by which substances that are not used by the body are removed
17
Q
how does sweating help maintain homeostasis?
A
sweating releases excess thermal energy
18
Q
where does the process of digestion begin?
A
the mouth
19
Q
where does food enter the body?
A
the mouth
20
Q
the digestive system is made up of…
A
several organs
21
Q
what are the four steps in the digestive system?
A
ingestion, digestion, absorption and elimination
22
Q
food is first…
A
broken down into small molecules by digestion
23
Q
what happens after food is ingested?
A
food is then broken into smaller parts through chewing and saliva which contains enzymes
24
Q
when you swallow, food, water, and other liquids, they move into a hollow tube called the…
A
esophagus
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a hollow tube transports substances in and out of the stomach
esophagus
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the esophagus is connected to...
the stomach
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digestion _______ as food leaves the esophagus and into the stomach
continues
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define stomach
a flexible, baglike organ that contains enzymes that break down food into smaller parts so that the food can be used by the body
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a type of digestion in which food is physically broken down into smaller pieces
mechanical digestion
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_____________ occurs when you chew, mash, and grind food with your teeth or tongue
mechanical digestion
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smaller pieces of food are ______ to swallow
easier
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smaller pieces of food have more surface area which helps with...
chemical digestion
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a type of digestion in which food is broken down into smaller pieces through chemical reactions
chemical digestion
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chemical digestion can not occur without...
enzymes
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define enzymes
proteins that help break down larger molecules into smaller molecules
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enzymes ________ the rate of chemical reactions
catalyzes
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catalyze means to
speed up
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without enzymes, some chemical reactions would be...
too slow or would not occur at all
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enzymes have ______ functions
specific
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each enzyme has to help break down a ________ molecule at ________ locations
specific
41
after digestion in the stomach, food moves into...
the small intestine
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by the time food reaches the small intestine, it is...
a soapy mixture
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what are the functions of the small intestine?
digestion and absorption
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define absorption
the process in which nutrients are taken in
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what substance does the liver produce?
bile
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what substance does the pancreas produce?
enzymes
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both bile and enzymes are used to in the small intestine to....
break down food into even smaller pieces
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food can take hours to more through the small intestine because the small intestine is...
very long
49
during the time food moves through the small intestine...
Food is broken even smaller pieces through bile and enzymes and particles of food and water are absorbed by into the blood.
50
food enters the body at the _____.
mouth
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once food enters the body, ______ and ________ break down food.
chewing and saliva
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after food is broken down in the mouth, food gets swallowed and travels down the ______.
esophgus
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after food is swallowed, food then enters the _____ where ________ break it down further.
stomach where enzymes
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The large intestine can also be called the...
colon
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the large intestine receives...
digested food that the small intestine did not absorb
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besides absorbing digested food that the small intestine did not absorb, the large intestine also absorbs...
water from remaining waste material
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some types of fiber named ______ allow food to not be digested and leave the body through the rectum
insoluble fiber
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insoluble fiber can be found in...
vegetables and whole grain
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food leaves the body through the _____.
rectum
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nutrients from food are absorbed in the...
small intestine
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nutrients absorbed in the small intestine are necessary for...
other body systems to maintain homeostasis
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the blood in the circulatory system absorbs...
the products of digestion
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the blood carries nutrients it absorbs to...
all other parts of the body
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carried nutrients from the blood provides all parts of the body with...
materials that contain energy
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define nutrients
the parts of food used by the body to grow and survive
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proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals are all _____.
nutrients
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nutrition labels on food list the amount of each ______ in that food
nutrients
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different people need _______ amount of nutrients
different
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football players, swimmers, and other athletes need a lot of _______ for energy
nutrients
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pregnant women need lots of _______ to provide for their developing babies
nutrients
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a person sitting down might not need as many ______ as someone who is exercising
nutrients
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digestion helps release ____ from food
energy
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define calorie
the amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water by 1 degree Celsius
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the body uses calories from...
proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
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proteins, fats, and carbohydrates all contain a different amount of...
energy
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define waste products
the unused food parts your body does NOT absorb for energy
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waste products are processed by the...
excretory system
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define the digestive system
the processing of food
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what are the functions of the excretory system?
to collect and eliminate wastes from the body and to regulate the level of fluid in the body.
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the digestive system collects waste in the...
intestines
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the excretory system collects waste in the...
blood
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if waste is not removed, or eliminated, from your body it could...
become toxic and damage your organs
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water is an essential ______ for your body
nutrient
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when waste is eliminated, some of the water in your body is...
lost
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the excretory system regulates the level of fluids in your body by...
controlling how much water exits the body through elimination
86
The excretory system controls how much water exits the body through...
elimination
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through elimination, the excretory system ensures that...
neither too little nor too much water is lost
88
define elimination
the elimination of waste products from the body
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define the excretory system
the organ system which excretes wastes from the body
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the collection of waste, elimination of waste, and the regulation of body fluids are the functions of which system?
excretory system
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processing food is the function of which system?
digestive system
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what is responsible for producing saliva to help the mouth break down food?
the salivary glands
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what are functions of the lungs in the excretory system?
to remove carbon dioxide and excess water as water vapor when you breathe out, or exhale
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what are functions of the skin in the excretory system?
to remove water and salt when you sweat
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what are the functions of the liver in the excretory system?
to remove wastes from the blood
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if wastes were to build up in the blood...
they would become toxic
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along with the excretory system, the liver is also part of the...
digestive system
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The digestive and excretory system work together to...
break down, absorb, and remove food
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when the liver breaks down protein ______ forms
urea
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urea is toxic if...
it stays in the body
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urea is a...
waste product
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which waste product is made when the liver breaks down proteins?
urea
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which organ in the excretory system removes urea?
the kidneys
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how do the kidneys remove urea from the body?
by making urine
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urine contains...
water, urea, and other waste chemicals.
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urine leaves each kidney through a tube called the...
ureter
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urine is stored in the...
bladder
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urine is removed through the...
urethra
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what are the functions of the kidneys in the excretory system?
to remove urea by producing urine
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what are the functions of the bladder in the excretory system?
to store urine
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like the liver, the rectum is part of the...
excretory system and the digestive system
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food substances that are not absorbed by the small intestine are...
mixed with other wastes and form feces
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the rectum stores...
feces
114
the rectum stores feces until...
it moves out the body
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blood is part of the...
circulatory system
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the different functions of excretory system help maintain...
homeostasis
117
filtering wastes from the blood is an example of...
maintaining homeostasis
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the removal of wastes from the digestive system is an example of...
maintaining homeostasis
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if not for the excretory system, wastes would...
build up, damaging your body
120
define area
(noun) a part of something that has a particular function
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the hypothalamus is part of the...
nervous system
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to control the secretion of some hormones is the function of the...
hypothalamus
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the hypothalamus is an area inside the...
brain
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one such hormone the hypothalamus controls the secretion of causes the tubules in the kidney to absorb more water from the blood which helps...
the body regulate fluid levels
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define excretion
the process of eliminating or expelling waste matter in living organisms or cells
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through the hypothalamus water is retained in the blood instead of...
being excreted in the urine
127
the circulatory system filters _____ from blood before it becomes toxic
waste
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the circulatory system filters _____ from blood before it becomes toxic
waste
129
the digestive system removes _____ that could damage the body
waste
130
the nervous interacts with the __________, which controls secretion of the hormones that help ___________________.
hypothalamus; maintain homeostasis and regulate bodily fluids
131
the body converts food into...
nutrients
132
define breathing
the movement of air into and out of the lungs
133
breathing enables the respiratory system to...
exchange gases between the body and the environment
134
air flows through which system?
respiratory system
135
the parts of the respiratory system...
work together and supply the body with oxygen
136
the respiratory system can rid the body of...
wastes
137
the waste product carbon dioxide is removed out of the body through the...
respiratory system
138
oxygen enters the body when you...
inhale, or breathe in
139
carbon dioxide leaves the body when you...
exhale
140
when you inhale, air enters the...
nostrils
141
when you inhale, air passes through the...
pharynx
142
the pharynx is part of the...
throat
143
the pharynx is part of which system(s)?
digestive and respiratory system
144
the tongue, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, large intestine, small intestine, and rectum are parts of which system?
digestive system
145
the lungs, skin, liver, kidneys, bladder, and rectum are part of which system?
excretory system
146
food goes through the pharynx to the...
esophagus
147
as air travels through the pharynx to the trachea it passes through the
larynx, or voicebox
148
the trachea is also called the windpipe because...
it is a long, tubelike organ that connects the pharynx to the bronchi
149
there are ____ bronchi
two
150
one bronchi enters the _____ lung, and one enters the ______ lung
left and right
151
each bronchi divide into...
smaller tube that end in tiny groups of cells
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the groups of cells which bronchi end in are called...
alveoli
153
the alveoli are surrounded by...
blood vessels called capillaries
154
define vessel
a tube in the body that carries fluid such as blood
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the capillaries which surround the alveoli is where _____ takes place.
gas exchange
156
define gas exchange
the transfer of oxygen from inhaled air into the blood and the transfer of carbon dioxide from the blood into the exhaled air
157
the blood inside capillaries transport oxygen to...
the rest of the body
158
carbon dioxide inside the capillaries is...
expelled by the lungs
159
oxygen in the alveoli enters the...
capillaries
160
carbon dioxide moves from the capillaries into the...
alveoli
