The Cellular Level of Organization Flashcards
Cytoplasm
the cellular content between the plasma and nucleus.
Cytosol
is fluid part of cytoplasm that contains water, dissolved solutes, suspended particles
plasma membrane
is structure built from phosolipids and integral proteins. Reguates floe of materials and forms the cell’s outer surface separating the inside from the outside. Represents a flowing sea.
lipid bilayer
a thin polar membrane made of two layers of lipid molecules ; moved ions in and out of cell
Integral proteins
extend into or through bilayer in plasma membrane.
Peripheral proteins
attach to inner outer surface but dont extend through membrane.
Glycoproteins
a molecule that consists of a carbohydrate plus a protein
hydrostatic pressure
pressure that forces water molecules to move back into the direction they came from.
osmotic pressure
amount of force applied to a solution to prevent a solvent from moving across a semipermeable membrane.
vesicles
small, spherical membrane sac
exocytosis
materials moving out of cell
endocytosis
materials moving into cell
transcytosis
both exocytosis and endocytosis mixed together
tonicity
a measure of the solution’s ability to change the volume of cells by altering their water content
antiporter
a membrane protein that transports two molecules at the same time in the opposite direction.
symporters
a membrane protein that transports two molecules at the same time in the same direction.
centrosome
located near nucleus, consists of a pair of centrioles and pericentriolar material.
microvilli
non motile, microscopic finger like projections of the plasma membrane.
microtubules
long, unbranched hollow tubes composed mainly of tubulin ; maintain cell structure
cilia
short, hairlike projections that extend from cell’s surface. can move part of a cell
flagella
longer than cilia, can move an entire cell
ribosomes
site of protein synthesis.
entry face
a cisterna that faces rough ER
exit face
a cisterna that faces the plasma membrane
