The Integumentary System

Question 1

dermis

Answer 1

inner thick vascular layer

Question 2

epidermis

Answer 2

outer thin layer
composed of stratified squamous epithelium
can be found in callus and bunions

Question 3

hair follicle

Answer 3

hair texture depends on the shape of the
hair follicle (straight, wavy, curly)
head hair follicles typically lives 2-6 years
and are then replaced by another follicle.

Question 4

melanin

Answer 4

brown

Question 5

sebaceous gland

Answer 5

1. oil glands.
2. secrete sebum for protection against dehydration and bacteria.

Question 6

subcutaneous layer

Answer 6

sweat glands.
two main types eccrine and apocrine glands.

Question 7

hypodermis

Answer 7

or known as the superficial fascia.
it’s the subcutaneous layer is rich in fat and
areolar tissue.

Question 8

keratinocytes

Answer 8

form layers or strata.
comprise over 90% of epidermal cells.

Question 9

melanocytes

Answer 9

over 5% of epidermis.
add pigment to the skin and
help to filter out UV light.

Question 10

dermal papillae

Answer 10

the bumps formed that are responsible for finger and toe prints

Question 11

arrector pili

Answer 11

the muscles that create goosebumps

Question 12

langer’s cleavage lines

Answer 12

natural lines formed along the surface of the body that surgeons follow in order to reduce scarring.

Question 13

what is the reticular layer ?

Answer 13

• responsible for strength and elasticity
• has many sensory receptors
• muscles in the skin that can cause wrinkling or erection

Question 14

vitiligo

Answer 14

condition where skin pigment vanishes and
is no longer produced in an area of the
body.

Question 15

what do apocrine glands do ?

Answer 15

• open into hair follicles
  found in axillary region,
  face, groin and areola.
• found in the hypodermis become active at puberty secretions
• are metabolized by skin
  bacteria and produce an
  odor.

Question 16

eccerine

Answer 16

• remove urea, uric acid, ammonia, and water.
• they regulate body temperature

Question 17

ceruminous gland

Answer 17

modified sweat glands
in external ear.

Question 18

acne

Answer 18

occurs commonly during puberty when
hormones are imbalanced.
can result in whiteheads, blackheads and
scarring.
commonly found on face and back.

Question 19

what are the functions of the skin?

Answer 19

protection , homeostasis , synthesis of chems ad hormones , excretion of water and salts , absorption of substances , detecting stimuli , and secretion.

Question 20

what is the abcdef rule ?

Answer 20

the rule to help spot cancerous moles.
Asymmetrical
Border (irregular or indistinct)
Color
Diameter (larger than 6mm or ¼ inch)
Evolution (change) or elevation (height)
Features (just added) bleeding, itchy
anything out of the ordinary.

Question 21

what causes acne ?

Answer 21

by the blockage of sebaceous glands by bacteria

Question 22

what changes skin color? is it permanent or temporary ?

Answer 22

pigmentation and it is temporary

Question 23

what is the area where the epidermis and dermis meet called?

Answer 23

dermal-epidermal junction

Question 24

what are the names of the skin appendages? how many are there?

Answer 24

there are three
hair , skin , and nail glands

Question 25

merkel cells

Answer 25

least numerous. they're associated with sensation of touch because they work with sensory neurons.

Question 26

langerhans cells

Answer 26

serve as a defense mechanism and play a limited role in immunological reactions.

Question 27

how many layers of epidermis are there?

Answer 27

five layers

Question 28

stratum corneum

Answer 28

20-30 layers of dead keratinocytes. Waterproofing and protection.

Question 29

stratum lucidem

Answer 29

only in thick skin. 3-5 layers of keratinocytes

Question 30

stratum granulosum

Answer 30

3-5 layers of keratinocytes that undergo apoptosis (programmed death). middle layer between living and non-living cells.

Question 31

stratum spinosum

Answer 31

8-10 layers of keratinocytes. has langerhans and melanocytes.

Question 32

stratum basale

Answer 32

single mitotic layer

Question 33

what are the stratum spinosum and stratum basale commonly called?

Answer 33

the stratum germanitivum

Question 34

papillary layer

Answer 34

dermal-epidermal junction is found here these are used to grip surfaces meissner's corpuscles are located here

Question 35

squamous cell

Answer 35

slow-growing raised nodules. can metastasize

Question 36

basal cell

Answer 36

less likely to metastasize. form crusted bleeding craters

Question 37

malignant melanoma

Answer 37

most serious form of skin cancer 1 in 4 cases causes death. common with pigmented nevi (moles)

Question 38

kaposi sarcoma

Answer 38

purple papules associated with AIDs

Question 39

what is blushing caused by?

Answer 39

vasodilation

Question 40

bluish color is caused by lack of oxygen?

Answer 40

cyanosis

Question 41

hair appendage

Answer 41

begins growth in a follicle within the S. basale and S. spinosum (germanitivum) most areas of the body have hair except palms, soles, nipples and parts of the genitals main parts are the shaft, medulla and cortex

Question 42

nail appendage

Answer 42

highly keratinized epidermal cells. fingernails grow faster than toe nails the visible nail body is mostly dead. the germinating cells lie in the nail bed beneath the cuticle nails allow us to grasp, scratch and manipulate objects