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AQA GCSE Geography > The Challenge Of Resource Management - Food Water Energy > Flashcards

The Challenge Of Resource Management - Food Water Energy Flashcards

1
Q

Benefits for importing food from abroad

A

Saves money - supports the government

Provides jobs globally

Good quality from specific countries

Builds trade market

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2
Q

Issues of importing food from abroad

A

Local farmers aren’t supported

Longer journey = more chance of damage = increased food waste

Transportation is bad for the environment

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3
Q

Case study on Food

A

Kenyan Food Imports

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4
Q

The demand for non-seasonal and high value products in the UK impact….

A

Poorer countries

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5
Q

What happened in 2009 when Kenya government announced a natural disaster of food shortages and drought

A

Large quantities of food were still being sent to the UK to fill supermarket shelvess

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6
Q

3 Kenyan food facts

A

Prepares 350 tonnes of vegetables for the UK

Uk reject 25% of food - wasted

Peas, beans, mange tut contribute to the largest proportion of imports to the UK

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7
Q

Food Miles

A

Show how far food travels to get a certain location

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8
Q

Why does importing food increase the UK’s carbon footprint

A

Transport burns fossil fuels which releases CO2 emissions

Food miles increase so more transport

Larger Carbon Footprint

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9
Q

Carbon Footprint

A

the amount of CO2 released into the atmosphere from a given activity

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10
Q

Organic

A

Removing the use of chemicals in the production of food to benefit the environment and consumer health

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11
Q

Positives of Organic food

A

Does not use chemicals or pesticides
- Cleaner produce
- Doesn’t harm animals

Uses 30% less energy
- reduces carbon footprint
- more sustainable

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12
Q

Negatives of Organic food

A

Higher chance of bacteria on meat

Costs are higher

Production is expensive - more workers

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13
Q

Positives of Local Produce

A

Creates Jobs and supports the local economy

Better for the environment; less food miles

Better nutritional value - less damage from transport

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14
Q

Negatives of Local Produce

A

Production cost is higher

Local food is only seasonal - less variety

Job opportunities reduced - less people in transport industry

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15
Q

What is Agribusiness

A

Agriculture conducted on strictly commercial principle to reduce cost of food

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16
Q

Agribusiness positives

A

No need for transport - reduces food miles

More range in products

More profit for large scale businesses

Cheaper food

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17
Q

Agribusiness Negatives

A

High uses of chemicals

Impacts family businesses

Machinery instead of farmers

overseas countries effected

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18
Q

Water surplus

A

Water supply is greater than demand

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19
Q

What are the two Qs of water supply

A

Quality and Quantity

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20
Q

Methods to increase water supply

A

Save water

Water Tranfer

Building reservoirs

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21
Q

Pros and cons to saving water

A

+ Cheap and easy to save water

  • People may not follow the advise
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22
Q

Pros and cons to saving water

A

+ Cheap and easy to save water

  • People may not follow the advise
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23
Q

Pros and Cons of water transfer

A

Pros
Surplus of water is moved to a place of deficit

Cons
Very expensive and can affect wildlife

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24
Q

Pros and cons of building resovoirs

A

Pros
Stores water for times in less rainfall

Cons
Areas can be flooded - move homes

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25
8 sources of water pollution to UK freshwater
Farming Chemicals Hot water Rubbish Polllution Untreated waste Road runoff Wasted resources Sewage
26
Issues caused by poor water quality
Toxic waste can poison water Increase water temp = death of wildlife and disruption to habitats Sewage can spread diseases Fertilisers can speed the growth of algae - eukaryotic = deaths of wildlife from insufficient oxygen
27
Management strategies to water quality
Pollution traps - filter/catch pollution Green roofs and walls - filter pollutants naturally in rainwater, reduce runoff = reduce flooding Waste water treatment - prevent spills and accidents Education Campaigns - inform the public about putting inappropriate items in the sewage Local Water treatment - remove suspended solids to produce clean water Legislation - laws to limit amount of discharge put into rivers
28
Energy Mix
The range of energy sources of a region or country, both renewable and non-renewable
29
Why is the rate of growth in UK’s energy consumption slowing over time
Industries are becoming more efficient Households are trying to reduce carbon footprint by becoming more eco conscious
30
Domestic Energy
Energy generated within the borders of your own country
31
Why is the UK’s gas and oil production decreasing
Coal is harder to extract because it is deeper in the ground - difficult and expensive Uk is reliant on overseas imports - energy supply is vulnerable
32
Economic and Environmental Challenges with Fossil Fuels
Costs of production Miners suffer diseases related to their jobs Greenhouses gases - global warming Waste = visual pollution
33
Economic and Environmental challenges with Renewables
Visual pollution - impacts tourism Noise pollution - wildlife and people Weather dependent
34
What is fracking
An extraction method used to release fossil fuels deep within the earths surface
35
Opportunities of Fracking
Jobs in rural areas Uk has large enough reserves to meet national energy consumption in years to come
36
Challenges of Fracking
Time consuming - years of drilling before production can start Increase in risk of earthquakes
37
Food Security
Everyone has access to safe food to keep them healthy
38
Food insecurity
Not everyone has consistent access, food is unsafe and in short supply
39
Global patterns of calorie intake and food supply
Higher population and wealth = more consumption
40
Reasons for Global patterns in calorie intake and food supply
Wealth Population Agriculture - resources Culture - Richer foods and produce
41
How does population growth increase the global demand for food
Increase calorie consumption More food in demand
42
How does economic growth increase the global demand for food
Increase in wealth Wider rand of food becomes affordable Afford more amounts of food
43
Factors affecting Food supply
Poverty - cant afford nutritional food Climate - crop growth is affected which reduces food supply Conflict - food can be destroyed or stolen, farmers have to flee Technology - limits productivity Peats and diseases - reduce harvest and carry diseases Water supply - food production
44
Social impacts of Food insecurity
Famine - widespread scarcity of food = death, malnutrition, weakens immunity Increased competition can lead to conflict Social unrest is related to rising prices in staple foods
45
Economic impacts of Food insecurity
Food shortage = increase in prices - unaffordable Limited access to food = diseases and under nutrition
46
Environmental impacts of Food insecurity
Infertile land is used for local communities = crop growth is not supported Overgrazing leaves soil exposed - soil erosion
47
Strategies to increase food supply
Irrigation - artificially watering the land Aeroponics - grown in air and sprayed with mists containing fine nutrients - speeds up growth Hydroponics - Plants grown in water The green revolution - focus on sustainability and community Bio technology - modify products to create higher yield Technology - speeds up production of crops
48
Large scale agricultural development - Case Study
Algeria, Spain
49
What is happening in Almeria, Spain
Large scale agricultural development Out of season crops grown all year round South-East of Spain Largest concentration of greenhouses in the world
50
Reasons for plant Growth in Almeria
Average temp is 20degrees - crops are grown all year round Plastic have developed overtime to become suitable to build greenhouses Almost all crops are growth with hydroponics - no soil
51
Economic advantages and disadvantage of Almeria
Large amounts of cheap temporary labour keeps costs low Contributes 1.5 billion to Spain’s economy annually
52
Social advantages and disadvantages to Almeria
Immigrant labour is paid very low wages - work in poor conditions Temperatures are very high - workers struggle in theses conditions
53
Environmental advantages and disadvantages of Almeria
Water efficiency has improved greenhouses have white surface = cooling effect Litter and large amounts of plastic at sea Production requires more rainfall than available
54
Increasing sustainable supply of food
Permanent Agriculture - uses natural predators to control, instead of chemical pesticides Urban farming - Gardens are created on unused land in urban areas Sustainable meat and fish - traditional method of grazing animals and fishing in areas were propulation is maintained
55
Difference between food loss and food waste
Food loss - deterioration after harvest Food Waste - reaches consumer and is thrown away or gone off
56
Reducing food loss
Invest money in poorer areas - better access to pest control - better facilities
57
Reducing food waste
Reduce portion sizes Plan shopping Store food correctly follow expiration date Compost waste
58
An example of a local scheme to increase sustainability of food
Jamalpur, Bangladesh
59
Background Knowledge of Jamalpur
Physical geography - low lying land, lots of rivers, 1500-4000mm rainfall a year Human geography - Densely populated, a large section working in agriculture
60
Aim of Jamalpur
To improve food and nutritional security of resources for poor farmers
61
Practical action taken in Jamalpur
Increase agriculture production Increase income and nutritional and live hood security Increase farming productivity
62
Previous struggles of Jamalpur
Each farmers own small areas of land Struggle to support family - hungry for days
63
evaluation of Jamalpur
Not suitable for all countries - only rice farming areas with similar climates and needs Solves nutritional poverty Family can invest in better technology and education Provides a steady income - social activities
64
What is fish-rice culture
Small fish are introduced into the rice paddy fields They provide a source of protein but also aerate the water and fertilise the soil
65
How is rice-fish culture sustainable
does not involve artificial chemicals or expensive equipment or external expertise does not harm the naturla enviroment

AQA GCSE Geography (17 decks)

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