The chemistry of life

Question 1

Atoms

Answer 1

Smallest units of matter

Question 2

Molecules

Answer 2

Chemicals made up of atoms held together by bonds

Question 3

Compound

Answer 3

Chemical substances made of two or more elements

Question 4

Inorganic substances

Answer 4

Chemicals made by natural geophysical processes

Question 5

Organic substances

Answer 5

Chemicals derived through chemical reactions in living organisms They are large molecules They contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen as well as other elements

Question 6

An energy source compound made by plants

Answer 6

starch / glucose/ carbohydrates

Question 7

Example inorganic compounds made by organisms

Answer 7

Carbon dioxide Oxygen Water

Question 8

Metabolism

Answer 8

The chemical processes in organisms in order to maintain life

Question 9

Uses of water in organisms

Answer 9

Dissolve substances Transport substances A medium in which chemical reactions occur Control temperature Support and structure Reproduction

Question 10

Mineral elements

Answer 10

Inorganic compounds Found in the environment as salts

Question 11

Trace or micro mineral elements

Answer 11

Minerals needed in small quantities by an organism

Question 12

Macro mineral elements

Answer 12

Minerals needed in large quantities by an organism

Question 13

How animals obtain mineral elements

Answer 13

Food and water consumed as part of their diet (consumers)

Question 14

How plants obtain mineral elements

Answer 14

Taken up from the soil by the roots dissolved in water

Question 15

Sodium function in humans

Answer 15

Nerve impulse transmission water regulation

Question 16

Sodium deficiency in humans

Answer 16

coma seizures nerve problems swelling decreased muscle function.

Question 17

Potassium function in humans

Answer 17

Nerve impulse transmission water regulation

Question 18

Potassium deficiency in humans

Answer 18

fatigue muscle weakness and cramps slow reflexes irregular heartbeat mood changes dry skin and acne increased urination

Question 19

Calcium function in humans

Answer 19

Bone strength Muscle function

Question 20

Calcium deficiency in humans

Answer 20

Osteoporosis irregular heartbeat muscle spasms

Question 21

Phosphorus function in humans

Answer 21

bone strength energy production phospholipid structure in cell membranes element in DNA and RNA

Question 22

Phosphorus deficiency in humans

Answer 22

Muscle dysfunction nerve dysfunction Osteoporosis

Question 23

Iron function in humans

Answer 23

Produces haemoglobin Part of enzyme function Energy production

Question 24

Iron deficiency in humans

Answer 24

Anaemia Lethargy

Question 25

Iodine function in humans

Answer 25

Producing the hormone thyroxine Maintaining metabolism

Question 26

Iodine deficiency in humans

Answer 26

Hypothyroidism Goitre Cretinism and mental retardation Breast and stomach cancer

Question 27

Mineral elements needed by plants

Answer 27

Nitrogen (N) as nitrates Phosphorus (P) as phosphates Potassium (K) Calcium (Ca) Magnesium (Mg) Sulphur (S) Iron (Fe)

Question 28

The seven characteristics of life

Answer 28

Nutrition Response to stimuli Growth Reproduction Respiration Excretion Movement

Question 29

Hierarchy of organization in an organism

Answer 29

Cell Tissue Organ System

Question 30

Polymers

Answer 30

A substance made up of many smaller similar sub-units Sub units called monomers

Question 31

Monomer of carbohydrates

Answer 31

Saccharides Ring shaped units

Question 32

Structure of sugars

Answer 32

Mono- or disaccharides