the development kf ghr cold war xx

Question 1

1. when was nato formed?

Answer 1

april 1949

Question 2

2. who was in nato?

Answer 2

main members were usa, canada, britain, france, denmark, italy

Question 3

3. what was the purpose of nato?

Answer 3

Collective defence and military strategy.
The principle was that if one member came under attack, it would be seen as an attack on all members.

Question 4

4. who had nuclear weapons in nato?

Answer 4

Held by the USA, Britain

Question 5

5. who was the leader of nato?

Answer 5

A collective leadership of the member countries. However, the USA provided the majority of funds and fire power and built bases across Western Europe.

Question 6

6. when was the warsaw pact created?

Answer 6

1955

Question 7

7. who was in the warsaw pact?

Answer 7

USSR, Bulgaria, Romania, Albania, East Germany,

Question 8

8. what was the purpose of warsaw pact?

Answer 8

Formed as a counter-balance to the power of NATO and to protect the security and interests of countries behind the Iron Curtain.

Question 9

9. who had nuclear weapons in warsaw pact?

Answer 9

the ussr

Question 10

10. who was the leader of the warsaw pact?

Answer 10

Officially a collective organisation like NATO, but in reality all armed forces were controlled by the USSR and all decisions were made in
Moscow.

Question 11

11. why was there a space race?

Answer 11

•Americans were concerned that nuclear missiles could be launched using the same system as the Soviets used to launch rockets into space.

•(ICBMs) could be carried thousands of miles using rockets.

Question 12

12. what happend 4 october 1957 in the space race?

Answer 12

The USSR sends the first manmade satellite to orbit Earth: Sputnik.

The Americans had been working on the same thing and the Soviet victory was seen as a triumph for communism.

Question 13

13. what happend 18 december 1958 in the space race?

Answer 13

The USA launches the first communications satellite into space.

Question 14

14. what happend 12 april 1961 in the space race?

Answer 14

The USSR wins the race to send a human into space with cosmonaut Yugi Gagarin

Question 15

15. what happend 5 may 1961 in the space race?

Answer 15

The first successful American space flight, controlled by the pilot, Alan Shepard.

Question 16

16. what happend 20 july 1969 in the space race?

Answer 16

Kennedy’s promise is fulfilled when Neil Armstrong becomes the first human being to walk on the moon.

Question 17

17. what happend 15 july 1975 in the space race?

Answer 17

The first joint space mission between the USA and the USSR: Apollo. It is seen as a symbol of a new age of co-operation between the superpowers.

Question 18

18. what was destruction of both superpowers know as?

Answer 18

mutually assured destruction

Question 19

19. what was the main reason no nuclear weapons were ever launched?

Answer 19

fear of mutually assured destruction

Question 20

20. what was feared from 1950s onward with tension?

Answer 20

nuclear war

Question 21

21. what’s brinkmanship?

Answer 21

Each side would push the other to the brink of using weapons, knowing that they would eventually back down.

Question 22

22. when did world become closest to destruction?

Answer 22

but it was during the Cuban Missile Crisis, in 1962, that the world came closest to destruction.

Question 23

23. after the cuban missile crisis what did the two sides discuss?

Answer 23

reducing their nuclear arsenals and a direct phoneline between the White House and the Kremlin was created.

Question 24

24. who was the leader of hungary in 1949?

Answer 24

Rákosi, a hard-line Stalinist who did not tolerate any opposition.

Question 25

25. who helped rakosi keep a firm grip on the country?

Answer 25

the secret police

Question 26

26. when did students go to the streets of hungary?

Answer 26

23 October 1956,

Question 27

27. what issues did students take to the streets of budapest to say?

Answer 27

• greater freedoms and civil rights • the removal of Rákosi a • the withdrawal of Soviet troops

Question 28

28. how did the students taking to the streets of budapest progress?

Answer 28

The small protests grew quickly and violence began to spread.

Question 29

29. how did Nagy deal with the protests in hungary?

Answer 29

• Nagy called for calm and pledged support for the Hungarian Communist Party. Keen to avoid violence, Khrushchev ordered the withdrawal of Soviet troops from the country

Question 30

30. when did Nagy agree to withdrawal from warsaw pact?

Answer 30

1 November 1956, he announced Hungary was now an independent and neutral country.

Question 31

31. when did Nagy take over Hungary?

Answer 31

1956

Question 32

32. what did krushev do?

Answer 32

replaced stalin as leader as new soviet leader

Question 33

33. what was the soviet response to the hungarian uprising?

Answer 33

• On 4 November, Soviet tanks entered the country and quickly overpowered the Hungarians. The uprising was crushed. • Nagy was forced from power and later tried and executed. He was replaced by János Kádár, who dealt brutally with any opposition and was totally loyal to Moscow.

Question 34

34. what was the wests response to the hungarian uprising?

Answer 34

•Hungary was within the Soviet sphere of influence and any American interference risked direct conflict with Moscow. • The United Nations condemned the USSR's actions, it could do nothing to stop them.

Question 35

35. what effect did the hungarian uprising have on the cold war?

Answer 35

• Despite his calls for peaceful co-existence between East and West and the process of de-Stalinisation in the USSR, Khrushchev had shown that he was willing to do anything to keep countries under Moscow's control. • The USA, on the other hand, had established that it would not interfere in events behind the Iron Curtain.

Question 36

36. when wa she U2 crisis?

Answer 36

may 1 1960

Question 37

37. who got spot down by an ussr anti-aircraft gun on may 1 1960?

Answer 37

US pilot gary powers as he was in a spy plane

Question 39

38. what happend to gary powers after he was shot down?

Answer 39

Powers was eventually put on trial for spying and sentenced to ten years imprisonment.

Question 40

40. how did the US defend themselves against gary powers imprisonment?

Answer 40

The Americans claimed that it was simply a weather plane that had strayed into Soviet territory, but there was clear evidence that this was not the case.

Question 41

41. what happend the day after americans claimed it was a weather plane?

Answer 41

the US government admitted that it was a spy plane. President Eisenhower refused to apologise.

Question 42

42. why were eisenhower and khrushchev due to meet?

Answer 42

Eisenhower and Khrushchev were due to meet at the long-planned Paris Peace Summit in May 1960. The U2 Crisis completely overshadowed the event.

Question 43

43. how did khrushchev feel about stalin?

Answer 43

Khrushchev was highly critical of Eisenhower, describing him as a 'thief caught red-handed in his theft'. He walked out of the summit before any discussions could take place.

Question 44

44. what were the consequences of the U2 spy plane crisis?

Answer 44

• The Paris Peace Summit was supposed to represent a step towards improved relations and to build on Khrushchev's call for 'peaceful co-existence' between East and West. • however it simply led to more tension as the berlin issue was not discussed