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cold war xx > the origins of the cold war xx > Flashcards

the origins of the cold war xx Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. what does it mean to be capitalist? (5)
A

• Private businesses and making profits are allowed.
• Usualy multiple political parties in elections.
• Government usually elected by the people.
• Free economy.
• Great differences in wealth but most have a reasonabie standard of living.

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2
Q
  1. what does it mean to be communist? (4)
A

• Al businesses are owned by the state and all profits go to the state.
• One-party state, other parties are banned.
• Economy controlled by the government.
• Lower average standard of living, but wealth more equally shared

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3
Q
  1. why was there mistrust with usa and ussr before ww2
A

• The USA was a capitalist system
• The USSR was communist

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4
Q
  1. what was the wests aims of yalta conference?
A

•Countries in Eastern Europe should have the right to self-determination and be free from outside influence.
• East-West co-operation should continue.
• Germany should be rebuilt as an independent, democratic country.

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5
Q
  1. what was the ussr aims of yalta conference?
A

•East-West co-operation should continue.
• Spheres of influence should be created to guarantee security.

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6
Q
  1. what were the aims of churchill at yalta?
A

• Struggled to understand Stalin’s point of view.
• As a strong anti-communist, he was naturally mistrustful of Stalin.

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7
Q
  1. what were the aims of roosevelt at yalta?
A

• Committed to working with the USSR and got on well with Stalin.

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8
Q
  1. what were the aims of stalin at yalta?
A

• Wanted to ensure that the total devastation suffered by the USSR
during the war could never happen again.
• Believed that creating a sphere of influence around the USSR was
the best way to ensure security.

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9
Q
  1. what were the key agreements at yalta?
A

• free election in poland
• 10% reparations to ussr
• division of germany

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10
Q
  1. what were the yalta disagreements?
A

•britain and the usa wanted germany to recover, whereas USSR wanted germany to be weak
•how to deal with liberated countries of eastern europe

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11
Q
  1. what happens to the grand alliance by potsdam conference
A

By the time of the Potsdam Conference the unity between East and West had begun to break down.

• Stalin’s desire to make Germany pay reparations was totally opposed by Truman and Atlee.
• Truman and Attlee wanted independence and self-determination for the countries of Eastern Europe. Stalin wanted them to remain under Soviet influence.

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12
Q
  1. what were the aims of attlee at potsdam?
A

• Focused on domestic plans,
• Worried about Soviet expansion.
• Wanted a secure Germany.

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13
Q
  1. what were the aims of truman at potsdam?
A

• Wanted self-determination for the countries of Europe.
• Distrusted Stalin and his intentions.

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14
Q
  1. what were the aims of stalin at potsdam?
A

• Saw America as a rival and wanted security for USSR.
• Thought he was in a powerful position with the Red Army occupying Eastern Europe.

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15
Q
  1. what were the agreements at potsdam?
A

• The division of Germany was confirmed.
• The Nazi Party was banned and its leaders put on trial.
• Poland was to lose some territory to the USSR.

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16
Q
  1. what were the dugareemnts at potsdam?
A

• stalin didn’t hold free election in poland
•that usa made an atomic bomb and kept it a secret

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17
Q
  1. what was the impact of the atomic bomb?
A

• Although Stalin had been informed by his spies of the bomb’s existence, Truman did not inform him officially. This added to tension and distrust.

• The surrender of Japan removed the need for Soviet troops in the Pacific and therefore the need for the Grand Alliance to continue.

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18
Q
  1. how much of europe did ussr control at the end of ww2?
A

most of eastern europe

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19
Q
  1. what was the red army?
A

the military force for the ussr

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20
Q
  1. what land did the red army occupy?
A

The Red Army already occupied the land that they had taken from the Nazis, including Poland, Hungary and Yugoslavia.

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21
Q
  1. how did soviet’s made it hard for non-communist to gain power in country’s ussr controlled?
A

•rigging elections

•arresting opponents

•executing opponents

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22
Q
  1. when was churchills iron curtain speech?
A

6 march 1946

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23
Q
  1. what did churchill say in his iron curtain speech?
A

• The USSR was attempting to spread its influence across the rest of Europe and increase its power.
• An invisible line had split Europe in two, between the East and the West. He called the line the Iron Curtain.

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24
Q
  1. where did churchill say his iron curtain speech?
A

during a visit to the usa

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25
25. what is the truman doctorine
American policy towards communism after the Second World War.
26
26. when was truman doctorine created?
march 1947
27
27. what was did truman say regarding the truman doctorine?
• Communism posed a serious threat to the USA and the rest of the world. • The USA would support any country that was under threat from communism.
28
28. what was the purpose of truman doctorine?
make it clear to the USSR that its expansion into Europe had to end. It was also a,response to the situation in Greece and Turkey, where it seemed likely that communism was about to take hold. •$400 million was given to greece and turkey
29
29. what was the marshal plan in correlation to truman doctorine?
the European Recovery Program. while the Truman Doctrine established the USA's policy, it was the European Recovery Program that put it into practice.
30
30. what was the aim of the marshal plan?
• To aid economic recovery in Europe in order to stop people from turning to communism.
31
31. what was the marshall plan?
• $13.15 billion was divided among the countries that were willing to accept aid. • Aid was offered to all thecountries in Europe, • Aid was supplied in the form of money or resources
32
32. what main countrys got marshall aid? (5)
•uk •france • italy • west germany •greece •austria
33
33. what was the result of the marshall aid? (5)
• Marshall aid was vital for the recovery of Western Europe. It allowed economies to be rebuilt and the standard of living to rise. • The American economy also benefited. • It demonstrated that the USA was committed to involvement in Europe for the long term. • Communism became less popular in Western Europe. • The division of East and West became even more firmly established, as Stalin forbade counties behind the Iron Curtain from accepting aid
34
34. what was cominform?
stalins response to the truman doctorine
35
35. how did stalin view the truman doctorine?
as a direct threat to communism
36
36. what does cominform stand for?
Communist Information Bureau
37
37. where did cominform members meet?
Al Cominform member countries would meet regularly in Moscow to ensure that they were all following the same policies.
38
38. what’s comecon?
stalins response to the marshall plan
39
39. how did stalin view marshall plan?
an example of ‘dollar imperialism' by the USA.
40
40. what did stalin say to eastern europe countries about marshall plan?
Eastern European countries should not accept any aid from the USA.
41
41. when was comecon made?
In 1949, he created Comecon, a Soviet alternative to Marshall Aid. Countries who signed up to Comecon were agreeing to work together and share resources
42
42. why was yugoslavia a problem?
• Tito was unwilling to follow all of Stalin's instructions. He saw Yugoslavia as an independent country. • In 1948. Tito accepted Marshall aid, • From this point, Yugoslavia's position was unique: a communist country that was not behind the iron curtain
43
43. what were the causes of the berlin blockade?
In March 1948, the Western Allies agreed to unify their sectors of Germany and Berlin, and to introduce a new currency, which caused an economic crisis in east germany. stalin felt betrayed because be hasn’t been consulted
44
44. when did stalin launch a blockade in berlin?
24 june 1948
45
45. what happend on 24 june 1948?
Stalin launched a full blockade. Transport links were blocked into West Berlin - no food, fuels or medical supplies could reach people in the non-Soviet part of the city. Electricity supplied from within the Soviet sector was cut.
46
46. what was the western result to the blockade?
• On 26 June 1948, British and American planes began delivering supplies to West Berlin. At its peak, a plane was arriving every three minutes and around 4000 tonnes of supplies were delivered every day. • On 12 May, Stalin gave in and ended the blockade.
47
47. what were the consequences of the blockade?
* The blockades and airlift had pushed the two sides to the brink of war and East-West relations were the worst they had ever been. * Berlin remained a key location for the remainder of the Cold War. *West Germany became the Federal Republic of Germany * In October 1949, the German Democratic Republic (GDR] was created as a Soviet-style communist state.
48
48. what did mao tse-tung declare on 1 October 1949?
declared the establishment of the People's Republic of China on
49
49. who retreated to the island of Taiwan?
The Nationalists, who had previously ruled the country, retreated to the island of Taiwan.
50
50. why was a treaty of friendship signed?
Stalin immediately recognised Mao and the Communists as the rightful government of China
51
51. what did the teared of friendship say?
• $300 million in aid would be sent to China. • 20,000 Soviet experts were sent to help the development of China.
52
52. who did the west think should be the rightful leader of china?
The West refused even to recognise the new government, arguing instead that the government in Taiwan should be seen as the rightful rulers.
53
53. how did the west see maos victory as?
• a failure of the Truman Doctrine and the policy of containment • a victory for Stalin, who now had influence over the most highly populated country in the world
54
54. where was korea divided?
38th parallel
55
55. when had the division of korea been decided?
at potsdam
56
56. who was south korea led by?
• South Korea was led by the American-backed Syngman Rhee, a committed anti-communist.
57
57. what was the korean invasion?
• In 1949, Kim asked Stalin to help him invade the South. In 1950, Stalin agreed to provide weapons and equipment, but not troops. • The USA already had 7500 troops stationed in the South. • In June 1950, North Korean troops invaded South Korea.
58
58. what did the UN feel about the korean invasion?
the UN voted for the immediate withdrawal of North Korean troops.
59
59. what happens in september 1950?
• In September 1950, USA-led forces, drove the North Koreans back to the 38th Parallel.
60
60. what happened in the korean war in october 1950?
Chinese troops helped to push the Americans back.
61
61. what happens by june 1951 in the korean war?
By June, the war had reached stalemate and, in July, a final ceasefire was agreed, with North and South divided in almost exactly the same place as when the war started.
62
62. what were the consequences of the korean war?
• The Korean War showed that the USA was willing to go to war in order to contain communism. • It showed the power the USA had with the UN. • It became the first proxy war of the Cold War, an indirect fight between the Soviets and the Americans
63
63. what happend in indochina in 1945?
Ho Chi Minh declared independence from France and established the Democratic Republic of Vietnam.
64
64. when did france retreat from vietnam?
France resisted but withdrew from Vietnam after defeat at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu in 1954.
65
65. what happend in july 1954?
Vietnam was temporarily split in two until elections could be held: the French left the North and the Viet Minh left the South.
66
66. how was american involved in the vietnam war?
• US government thought that if South Vietnam fell to communism, the ideology would spread to nearby countries. • Eisenhower sent money, equipment and military and political experts to South Vietnam to help the country become secure. • Despite the corruption and brutality of South Vietnam's anti-communist leader, Ngo Dinh Diem, the USA supported him.
67
67. what happend in the vietnam war with the Vietcong and increasing US involvement?
• In December 1960, the Vietcong) was established. Its aim was to overthrow Diem. • The Ho Chi Minh trail was established to get weapons and equipment to the rebeis from North Vietnam. • The USA secretly backed the assassination of Diem by his opponents • Lyndon B. Johnson, erdered full US military involvement in Vietnam. The Vietnam War would last for over a decade and cost thousands of lives.

cold war xx (3 decks)

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