The Development of Evolutionary Thinking

Question 1

When was the concept of evolution established?

Answer 1

before the 1800s

Question 2

knowledge of genetics pre-darwin: stable varieties…

Answer 2

nearly always breed true

Question 3

knowledge of genetics pre-darwin: hybrids can be identical…

Answer 3

to one parent, or a combination. hybrid x hybrid yields great variation. hybrids do not breed true

Question 4

knowledge of genetics pre-darwin: sometimes mutations are seen in…

Answer 4

stable varieties

Question 5

knowledge of genetics pre-darwin… mutated animals can be bred with normals to produce….?

Answer 5

stable varieties

Question 6

Who published Systema Naturae, and in what year was the first edition published?

Answer 6

Linnaeus,
1735

Question 7

Describe the classification within Systema Naturae

Answer 7

systems, classes, orders, species, genera and kingdoms

Question 8

Who believed that evolution followed natural laws, and that humans and apes were related?

Answer 8

Comte de Buffon

Question 9

Who wrote The Histoire Naturelle, and in what year?

Answer 9

Comte de Buffon, 1749

Question 10

Who believed that evolution leads to increasing complexity?

Answer 10

Lamarck

Question 11

Which book by Lamarck described evolution, and in what year was it published?

Answer 11

Philosophie zoologique, 1809

Question 12

Which evolutionary thinker’s work focused on fossils, and demonstrated that animals can go extinct?

Answer 12

Cuvier (1817)

Question 13

What inspired Darwin’s Theory of evolution?

Answer 13

Hutton’s unconformity

Question 14

who was Robert FitzRoy?

Answer 14

captain of the HMS Beagle

Question 15

According to Ussher’s chronology, when was the Earth created?

Answer 15

4004 BC

Question 16

Describe the trip of the HMS Beagle?

Answer 16

1831 to 1836
focused on South Africa

Question 17

Who identified differences in beak size in Galapagus finches?

Answer 17

Gould

Question 18

Malay archipelago was written by ….

Answer 18

Alfred Russel Wallace (1869)

Question 19

Brachiopods from the Falkland Islands displayed what, and were discovered by whom…

Answer 19

organisation
Darwin

Question 20

Where was the Wallace Line?

Answer 20

between South East Asia and Australasia

Question 21

Sarawak Law

Answer 21

Geological changes are tied with location of animals and plants
Animals in same geographical location display similarities
Changes occur with distance

Question 22

How long did Darwin spend on the Galapagos islands?

Answer 22

19 days

Question 23

Alfred Russel Wallace

Answer 23

1823- 1913

Question 24

Wallace collected samples from…

Answer 24

South America/Malay archipelago

Question 25

Malay Archipelago

Answer 25

south east asia and australia

Question 26

animals towards Australasia of Wallace line:

Answer 26

marsupials

Question 27

describe lydekker's line

Answer 27

easternmost boundary of Wallace's line

Question 28

the area between Wallace line and lydekker line:

Answer 28

transition zone (mixture of fauna and flora

Question 29

Who wrote the Sarwack Law: gradual geological changes associated with animal and plant distrubution

Answer 29

Wallace

Question 30

On the Tendency of Varieties to depart indefinitely from the Original Type

Answer 30

Wallace, 1858 Ternate

Question 31

Which paper did Darwin receive from Wallace?

Answer 31

On the Tendency of Varieties to depart indefinitely from the Original Type

Question 32

On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection" presented by whom?

Answer 32

1858 Darwin and Wallace

Question 33

How long was Darwin alleged to have kept the paper by Wallace?

Answer 33

14 days

Question 34

if Darwin did not deceive Wallace, when would his letter have arrived?

Answer 34

18th June

Question 35

Who did Darwin and Wallace present to?

Answer 35

the Linnean Society

Question 36

what year did the beagle set sail?

Answer 36

1831

Question 37

Matthew Patrick believed that

Answer 37

nurseries allow weaker trees to mature, unlike in nature

Question 38

FitzRoy's was conscious about timber as ship building material and therefore

Answer 38

may have discussed with Darwin information from the Gardener's Chronicle

Question 39

FitzRoy's was conscious about timber as ship building material and therefore

Answer 39

may have discussed with Darwin information from the Gardener's Chronicle

Question 40

how long was the voyage?

Answer 40

5 years

Question 41

The evidence behind evolution:

Answer 41

1. ordered fossils recorded 2. homologous limb morphology 3. similar early embryos 4. vestigial organs

Question 42

fossil record organisation:

Answer 42

simple organisms at the bottom of fossil layers

Question 43

limb plan of mammals

Answer 43

5 digits

Question 44

homologous limb morphology

Answer 44

jaw bones resemble fish gills limb plan similar to that of fish

Question 45

vestigial organs

Answer 45

dolphins lose limb buds in embryogenesis bone derived from leg in snakes forms part of sex organ

Question 46

Genomic Evidence may resemble tree of life

Answer 46

support of evolution

Question 47

humans may have evolved from

Answer 47

lungfish

Question 48

Genomic Evidence:

Answer 48

Neanderthal DNA in modern humans

Question 49

how much DNA do Europeans share with Neanderthals?

Answer 49

1.5 to 2.1%

Question 50

key principles of evolution

Answer 50

competition variation adaptation

Question 51

Denial of Evolution

Answer 51

turkey nearly half in USA

Question 52

state of Tennesse vs john thomas scopes

Answer 52

monkey trial evolution became legal to teach

Question 53

where is evolution not taught?

Answer 53

Oklahoma

Question 54

when was the theory of natural selection first presented?

Answer 54

Wallace and Darwin Linnean Society in 1858