The Human Evolutionary Pathway

Question 1

Who claimed to have found the piltdown man?

Answer 1

Charles Dawson in 1912

Question 2

When was the piltdown man shown to be a hoax?

Answer 2

1952

Question 3

when was it believed that the piltdown man was alive?

Answer 3

500,000 years ago

Question 4

piltdown man bones:

Answer 4

medieval human skull bones, oragantan jaw bone, chimapnzee tooth, stained with acid

Question 5

the missing link

Answer 5

is not real

Question 6

last common ancestor of monkeys and apes was alive….

Answer 6

25 million years ago

Question 7

chimpazees and banaboos evolvuled separately from

Answer 7

humans

Question 8

when was the last common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees alive?

Answer 8

8-6 million years ago

Question 9

molecular clock hypothesis

Answer 9

DNA sequence evolution in spacer is relatively constant

Question 10

how can the molecular clock hypothesis be used to estimate when species diverged from their common ancestor?

Answer 10

number of genetic differnces between species

Question 11

Hawaiin islands

Answer 11

exact correlation between time since spearation and genetic distance

Question 12

when did gorillas split from the ancestral line which gave rise to humans?

Answer 12

6-8 million years ago

Question 13

when did humans split from the ancestral line?

Answer 13

4.5 - 6 million years ago

Question 14

common ancestor between humans, chimpanzees and banobos:

Answer 14

exctinct

Question 15

Great Ape Chromosomes

Answer 15

48 (24 pairs)

Question 16

difference at chromosome 2

Answer 16

humans have have 1 large chromosome instead of 2 small ones

Question 17

how do we know that human chromosome 2 fused together?

Answer 17

telomere in the middle and 2 centromeres

Question 18

Australopithecus afranesi

Answer 18

East Africa (lucy)
3 to 4 million years ago

Question 19

australopithecus africanusples

Answer 19

South Africa
2to 3 million years ago

Question 20

hominid dental system

Answer 20

smaller than apes, also decreased in size over the course of evolution

Question 21

paranthropus boisei

Answer 21

East Africa
1.6 to 2.5 million years ago

Question 22

evolution

Answer 22

brains larger
jaws more U shaped

Question 23

difference between human and chimpanzee dental system

Answer 23

humans have softer aches and different canines, smaller mollars

Question 24

when did hominids start to eat more grass

Answer 24

3.5 million year s ago

Question 25

paranthropus robusus

Answer 25

1.2 to 2 million years ago

Question 26

why did teeth shrink over time?

Answer 26

larger teeth required for mastication but this was not required as much due to cooking

Question 27

australopithicus sediba

Answer 27

2 million years ago approx

Question 28

evidence for bipedal adaptions: when were footprints seen in fossils?

Answer 28

3.6 million years ago

Question 29

bipedal adaptations of the skull:

Answer 29

foramane magnum: posterior in pan troglocyte and in middle in humans

Question 30

bipedal spinal adaptations:

Answer 30

human spines are S-shaved, vertebraw go thicker towards the bottom, and are wedge shape

Question 31

bipedal musculature bipedal adaptions:

Answer 31

gluteal muscles shorter and shoulder muscles + achildies tendons longer in humans (can walk and run)

Question 32

adaptaions of H.erectus comared to afarensis:

Answer 32

narrow chest, narrow waist, short forearm

Question 33

H.erectus

Answer 33

2 million to 150,000 years ago

Question 34

laetoli footprints

Answer 34

bipedal gait

Question 35

afranesis and modern humans simalrities:

Answer 35

posterior foreman magnum , broad pelvis, angled thigh bones, arched feet

Question 36

homo erectus

Answer 36

spread beyond africa seafarers first to use fire for cooking dmanisi

Question 37

homo heidelbergensis

Answer 37

archaic homo sapiens 700 to 200,000 years ago meat eaters shelters fossils with axes germant

Question 38

Homo neanderthalisis

Answer 38

200,000 to 28,00 years ago Germany

Question 39

How much neanderthal genome in modern humans?

Answer 39

20%

Question 40

neanderthal and modern human habituation overlap:

Answer 40

middle east

Question 41

subtypes of neanderthals:

Answer 41

Western Europeans, southern Europeans and eastern (Denisovans)

Question 42

Denisovans first disocered in denisova cave in sibera have also been found on

Answer 42

Tibetan Plateau

Question 43

% of Denisovan genes in people from Asia and Oceania

Answer 43

6%

Question 44

how much DNA is shared between Neanderthals and humans?

Answer 44

1.5 to 2.1%

Question 45

exit of modern humans from Africa

Answer 45

50 to 60,00 years ago

Question 46

how many directions of gene flow followed migration of modern humans out of africa?

Answer 46

2

Question 47

modern humans who migrated straight from Africa to Oceania would not have mixed with..

Answer 47

neanderthals

Question 48

areas of mixture

Answer 48

east asia philippines sudna flores

Question 49

ancestral humans preffered

Answer 49

green sapces

Question 50

Denisovan genes transferred to Australasia

Answer 50

BUT denisovans did not

Question 51

Homo Floresieiss

Answer 51

small island late pleistocene extinct perhaps 50,00 years ago

Question 52

neanderthals vs modern human brain

Answer 52

neanderthal brain bigger

Question 53

when did modern humans emerge

Answer 53

100 to 150,00 years ago

Question 54

difference between sub-saharan africans and melanesians DNA

Answer 54

Melanesians have the most neanderthal DNA

Question 55

why do modern humans have Neanderthal DNA

Answer 55

Denisovans and neanderthals living on modern human migration routes

Question 56

where and when was the piltdown man presented:

Answer 56

Geological society 1912