the digestive system Flashcards
(16 cards)
what are lacteals?
lymphatic vessels found at the centre of villi in the small intestine
what is a lumen?
the hollow part of biological structures
what is a micelle?
an emulsified lipid droplet
what are chylomicrons?
the product of triglycerides associating with cholesterol and lipoproteins
what is the ileum?
the small intestine
what is the codon?
the large intestine
what is assimilation?
the process of taking nutrients from food into cells of the body
what are the two main stages of digestion?
physical and chemical breakdown
where is amylase produced and what does it do?
in the mouth and pancreas, hydrolyses starch into the disaccharide maltose
what enzyme breaks maltose down into glucose monomers?
maltase
what are salts used for in the digestive system?
to regulate pH
what is it called when the ileum contracts to push food along it?
peristalsis
what are the three types of protease used in the digestive system?
endopeptidases, exopeptidases and dipeptidases
what do endopeptidases do?
hydrolyse peptide bonds in the central region of a protein molecule
what do exopeptidases do?
hydrolyse peptide bonds on the terminal (end) amino acids
what do dipeptidases do?
hydrolyse peptide bonds between two amino acids on a dipeptide
