The Digestive System Part 2 EXTRA

Question 1

The colon has four major parts to it, list them

Answer 1

the ascending colon, the transverse colon, the descending colon and the sigmoid

Question 2

what is the taeniae coli

Answer 2

the teniae coli are three separate longitudinal bands of smooth muscle on the outside of the four colons

Question 3

what is the function of the taeniae coli

Answer 3

the teniae coli contract lengthwise to produce the haustra - the bulges in the colon

Question 4

the large intestine has a absorptive and storage function, what does it absorb and what does it store

Answer 4

absorbs water and electrolytes, stores faeces

Question 5

the large intestine is motile, what type of movements take place

Answer 5

mixing and propulsive movements

Question 6

mixing occurs in the large intestine, what type of contraction allows this to occur

Answer 6

haustral contractions

Question 7

what are the two types of mixing movements that the haustral contractions bring about

Answer 7

primary motility, slow back-forth mixing movement

Question 8

what does the mixing movement allow

Answer 8

the exposure to absorptive surfaces

Question 9

what does propulsion allow

Answer 9

mass movements to take place

Question 10

large segments of ascending and transverse colon contract simulateneously roughly how many times a day

Answer 10

3/4 times a day

Question 11

where do the propulsive movements propel the contents to

Answer 11

to the anus obvs

Question 12

what is the rectum

Answer 12

the straight portion of the large intestine which stores faeces

Question 13

the rectum opens to the exterior via which structure

Answer 13

the anal canal

Question 14

what are the two sphincters called

Answer 14

the internal and external sphincters

Question 15

the sphincters are in a ____ state of contraction

Answer 15

tonic

Question 16

what is a tonic contraction

Answer 16

Tonic contractions are those contractions that are maintained from several minutes up to hours at a time. These occur in the sphincters of the tract, as well as in the anterior stomach.

Question 17

what type of muscle makes up the internal anal sphincter

Answer 17

smooth muscle

Question 18

under what control is the internal anal sphincter

Answer 18

involuntary

Question 19

what type of muscle makes up the external anal sphincter

Answer 19

skeletal muscle

Question 20

under what control is the external anal sphincter

Answer 20

voluntary

Question 21

what do faeces in the rectum stimulate

Answer 21

the stretch receptors > desire to defecate

Question 22

what happens to the internal anal sphincter when the stretch receptors are stimulated

Answer 22

the internal anal sphincter relaxes

Question 23

when does the rectum and sigmoid colon contract more vigorously

Answer 23

once the internal anal sphicnter relaxes as a result of the stretch receptors being stimulated

Question 24

the defecation reflex may be voluntarily inhibited by what

Answer 24

the external sphincter

Question 25

mass movement propels more faeces into the rectum, the rectal wall becomes distended which results in

Answer 25

the stretch receptors being very stimulated

Question 26

when does defecation occur

Answer 26

when both sphincters are relaxed