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[MT] Lesson 5: The Digestive System, Mental Health, & The Urinary System > The Digestive System Terms > Flashcards

The Digestive System Terms Flashcards

(83 cards)

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1
Q

Accessory Organs

A

Consist of organs that are part of system, but not part of continuous tube from mouth to anus; accessory organs are liver, pancreas, gallbladder, and salivary glands

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2
Q

Alimentary Canal

A

Also known as gastrointestinal system or digestive system; system covers area between mouth and anus and includes 30 feet of intestinal tubing; has a wide range of functions; system serves to store and digest food, absorb nutrients, and eliminate waste; major organs of system are mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, rectum, and anus

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3
Q

Amylase

A

Digestive enzyme found in saliva that begins digestion of carbohydrates

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4
Q

Anal Sphincter

A

Ring of muscle that controls anal opening

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5
Q

Antrum

A

Tapered distal end of the stomach

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6
Q

Anus

A

Terminal opening of digestive tube

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7
Q

Ascending Colon

A

Section of colon following cecum; ascends right side of abdomen

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8
Q

Bicuspids

A

Premolar permanent teeth having two cusps or projections that assist in grinding food; humans have eight bicuspids

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9
Q

Bile

A

Substance produced by liver and stored in gallbladder; added to chyme in duodenum and functions to emulsify fats so they can be digested and absorbed; cholesterol is essential to bile production

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10
Q

Body

A

(1) Whole, living individual; sum of all cells, tissues, organs, and systems working together to sustain life; (2) Main portion of organ such as stomach or uterus

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11
Q

Bolus

A

Chewed up morsel of food ready to be swallowed

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12
Q

Buffers

A

Chemicals that neutralize acid, particularly stomach acid

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13
Q

Canines

A

Also called cuspid teeth or eyeteeth; permanent teeth located between incisors and bicuspids that assist in biting and cutting food; humans have four canine teeth

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14
Q

Cardiac Sphincter

A

Also called ‘lower esophageal sphincter’; prevents food and gastric juices from backing up into esophagus

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15
Q

Cecum

A

First portion of colon; is a blind pouch off beginning of large intestine; appendix grows out of end of cecum

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16
Q

Cementum

A

Anchors root of a tooth into socket of jaw

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17
Q

Cheeks

A

Form lateral walls of oral cavity

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18
Q

Chyme

A

Semisoft mixture of food and digestive fluids that pass from stomach into small intestines

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19
Q

Colon

A

Also called ‘large intestine’; functions to reabsorb most of fluid in digested food; material that remains after water reabsorption is feces; sections of colon are cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon

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20
Q

Common Bile Duct (CBD)

A

Duct that carries bile from gallbladder to duodenum

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21
Q

Crown

A

Portion of tooth covered by enamel; also artificial covering for tooth created to replace original enamel

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22
Q

Cuspids

A

Permanent teeth located between incisors and bicuspids that assist in biting and cutting food; humans have four cuspids; also called canine teeth or eyeteeth

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23
Q

Cystic Duct

A

Duct leading from gallbladder to common bile duct; carries bile

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24
Q

Deciduous Teeth

A

20 teeth that begin to erupt around age of 6 months; eventually pushed out by permanent teeth

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25
Defecation
Evacuation of feces from rectum
26
Dentin
Main bulk of tooth; is covered by enamel
27
Descending Colon
Section of colon that descends left side of abdomen
28
Duodenum
First section of small intestines; digestion is completed in duodenum after chyme mixes with digestive juices from pancreas and gallbladder
29
Emulsification
To make fats and lipids more soluble in water
30
Enamel
Hardest substance in body; covers outer surface of teeth
31
Epiglottis
Flap of cartilage that covers larynx when person swallows; prevents food and drink from entering larynx and trachea
32
Esophagus
Tube that carries food from pharynx to stomach
33
Feces
Food that cannot be digested becomes waste product and is expelled or defecated as feces
34
Fundus
Domed upper portion of organ such as stomach or | uterus
35
Gallbladder (GB)
Small organ located just under liver; functions to store bile produced by liver; gallbladder releases bile into duodenum through common bile duct
36
Gastrointestinal System (GI)
System that digests food and absorbs nutrients; organs include mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, liver, gallbladder, and anus; also called 'digestive system.'
37
Gastrointestinal Tract
Continuous tube that extends from mouth to anus; also called 'gut' or 'alimentary canal.'
38
Gingiva
Tissue around teeth; also called 'gums.'
39
Gums
Tissue around teeth; also called 'gingiva.'
40
Gut
Name for continuous muscular tube that stretches between mouth and anus; also called 'alimentary canal.'
41
Hepatic Duct
Duct that leads from liver to common bile duct; transports bile
42
Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)
Acid secreted by stomach lining; aids in digestion
43
Ileocecal Valve
Sphincter between ileum and cecum
44
Ileum
Third portion of small intestines; joins colon at cecum; ileum and cecum are separated by ileocecal valve
45
Incisors
Biting teeth in very front of mouth that function to cut food into smaller pieces; humans have eight incisors
46
Jejunum
Middle portion of small intestines; site of nutrient absorption
47
Laryngopharynx
Inferior section of pharynx; lies at same level in neck as larynx
48
Lips
Anterior opening of oral cavity
49
Liver
Large organ located in right upper quadrant of abdomen; serves many functions in body; its digestive system role includes producing bile, processing absorbed nutrients, and detoxifying harmful substances
50
Lower Esophageal Sphincter
Also called cardiac sphincter; prevents food and gastric juices from backing up into esophagus
51
Molars
Large somewhat flat-topped back teeth; function to grind food; humans have up to twelve molars
52
Oral Cavity
The mouth
53
Oropharynx
Middle section of pharynx that receives food and drink from mouth
54
Palate
Roof of mouth; anterior portion is hard or bony, and posterior portion is soft or flexible
55
Pancreas
Organ in digestive system that produces digestive enzymes; also a gland in endocrine system that produces two hormones, insulin an glucagon
56
Pancreatic Duct
Duct carrying pancreatic juices from pancreas to duodenum
57
Pancreatic Enzymes
Digestive enzymes produced by pancreas and added to chyme in duodenum
58
Parotid Glands
Pair of salivary glands located in front of ears
59
Periodontal Ligaments
Small ligaments that anchor root of tooth in socket of jaw
60
Peristalsis
Wavelike muscular movements in wall of digestive system tube--esophagus, stomach, small intestines, and colon--that function to move food along tube
61
Permanent Teeth
32 permanent teeth begin to erupt at about age 6; generally complete by age sixteen
62
Pharynx
Medical term for throat; passageway that conducts air from nasal cavity to trachea and also carries food and drink from mouth to esophagus; pharynx is divided into three sections; nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
63
Premolar
Another term for bicuspid teeth
64
Pulp Cavity
Hollow interior of tooth; contains soft tissue made up of blood vessels, nerves, and lymph vessels
65
Pyloric Sphincter
Sphincter at distal end of stomach; controls passage of food into duodenum
66
Rectum
Area at end of digestive tube for storage of feces that leads to anus
67
Root
Portion of tooth below gum line
68
Root Canal
Dental treatment involving pulp cavity of root of tooth; procedure used to save tooth that is badly infected or abscessed
69
Rugae
Prominent folds in mucosa of stomach; smooth out and almost disappear allowing stomach to expand when full of food; also found in urinary bladder
70
Saliva
Watery fluid secreted into mouth from salivary glands; contains digestive enzymes that break down carbohydrates and lubricants that make it easier to swallow food
71
Salivary Glands
Exocrine glands with ducts that open into mouth; produce saliva, which makes bolus of food easier to swallow and begins digestive process; there are three pairs of salivary glands: parotid, submandibular, and sublingual
72
Sigmoid Colon
Final section of colon; follows S-shaped path and terminates in rectum
73
Small Intestine
Portion of digestive tube between stomach and colon, and major site of nutrient absorption; there are three sections: duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
74
Sphincter
Ring of muscle around tubular organ; can contract to control opening of tube
75
Stomach
J-shaped muscular organ that acts as sac to collect, churn, digest, and store food; composed of three parts: fundus, body, and antrum; hydrochloric acid is secreted by glands in mucous membrane lining of stomach; food mixes with other gastric juices and hydrochloric acid to form semisoft mixture called chyme, which then passes into duodenum
76
Sublingual Glands
Pair of salivary glands in floor of mouth
77
Submandibular Glands
Pair of salivary glands in floor of mouth
78
Taste Buds
Found on surface of tongue; designed to detect bitter, sweet, sour, and salty flavors in our food
79
Teeth
Structures in mouth that mechanically break up food into smaller pieces during chewing
80
Tongue
Muscular organ in floor of mouth; works to move food around inside mouth and is also necessary for speech
81
Transverse Colon
Section of colon that crosses upper abdomen from right side of body to left
82
Uvula
Structure that hangs down from posterior edge of soft palate, helps in production of speech, and is location of gag reflex
83
Vermiform Appendix
Small outgrowth at end of cecum; function or purpose is unknown

[MT] Lesson 5: The Digestive System, Mental Health, & The Urinary System (26 decks)

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