Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

[MT] Lesson 5: The Digestive System, Mental Health, & The Urinary System > The Urinary System Pathology > Flashcards

The Urinary System Pathology Flashcards

(61 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Nephrology

A

Branch of medicine involved in diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the kidney. Physician is a ‘nephrologist.’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Urology

A

Branch of medicine involved in diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the urinary system (and male reproductive system). Physician is a ‘urologist.’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Anuria

A

Complete suppression of urine formed by the kidneys and a complete lack of urine excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Azotemia

A

Accumulation of nitrogenous waste in the bloodstream. Occurs when the kidney fails to filter these wastes from the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bacteriuria

A

Presence of bacteria in the urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Calculus

A

Stone formed within an organ by an accumulation of mineral salts. Found in the kidney, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, or urethra. Plural is ‘calculi.’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cystalgia

A

Urinary bladder pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cystolith

A

Bladder stone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cystorrhagia

A

Profuse bleeding from the urinary bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Diuresis

A

Increased formation and excretion of urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Dysuria

A

Difficult or painful urination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Enuresis

A

Involuntary discharge of urine after the age by which bladder control should have been established. This usually occurs by the age of 5. ‘Nocturnal enuresis’ refers to bed-wetting at night

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Frequency

A

Greater-than-normal occurrence in the urge to urinate, without an increase in the total daily volume of urine. Frequency is an indication of inflammation of the bladder or urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Glycosuria

A

Presence of sugar in the urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hematuria

A

Presence of blood in the urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hesitancy

A

Decrease in the force of the urine stream, often with difficulty initiating the flow. It is often a symptom of a blockage along the urethra, such as an enlarged prostate gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Ketonuria

A

Presence of ketones in the urine. This occurs when the body burns fat instead of glucose for energy, such as in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Nephrolith

A

Kidney stone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Nephromalacia

A

Kidney is abnormally soft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Nephromegaly

A

Kidney is enlarged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Nephrosclerosis

A

Kidney tissue has become hardened

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Nocturia

A

Having to urinate frequently during the night

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Oliguria

A

Producing too little urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Polyuria

A

Producing an unusually large volume of urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Proteinuria
Presence of protein in the urine
26
Pyuria
Presence of pus in the urine
27
Renal Colic
Pain caused by a kidney stone. Can be an excruciating pain and generally requires medical treatment
28
Stricture
Narrowing of a passageway in the urinary system
29
Uremia
Accumulation of waste products (especially nitrogenous wastes) in the bloodstream Associated with renal failure
30
Ureterectasis
Ureter is stretched out or dilated
31
Ureterolith
Stone in the ureter
32
Ureterostenosis
Ureter has become narrow
33
Urethralgia
Urethral pain
34
Urethrorrhagia
Profuse bleeding from the urethra
35
Urethrostenosis
Urethra has become narrow
36
Urgency
Feeling the need to urinate immediately
37
Urinary Incontinence
Involuntary release of urine. In some patients an indwelling catheter is inserted into the bladder for continuous urine drainage
38
Urinary Retention
Inability to fully empty the bladder, often indicates a blockage in the urethra
39
Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)
Damage to the renal tubules due to presence of toxins in the urine or to ischemia. Results in oliguria
40
Diabetic Nephropathy
Accumulation of damage to the glomerulus capillaries due to the chronic high blood sugars of diabetes mellitus
41
Glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of the kidney (primarily of the glomerulus). Since the glomerular membrane is inflamed, it becomes more permeable and will allow protein and blood cells to enter the filtrate. Results in protein in the urine (proteinuria) and hematuria
42
Hydronephrosis
Distention of the renal pelvis due to urine collecting in the kidney; often a result of the obstruction of a ureter
43
Nephritis
Kidney inflammation
44
Nephrolithiasis
Presence of calculi in the kidney. Usually begins with the solidification of salts present in the urine
45
Nephroma
Kidney tumor
46
Nephropathy
General term describing the presence of kidney disease
47
Nephroptosis
Downward displacement of the kidney out of its normal location; commonly called a 'floating kidney.'
48
Nephrotic Syndrome (NS)
Damage to the glomerulus resulting in protein appearing in the urine, proteinuria, and the corresponding decrease in protein in the bloodstream. Also called 'nephrosis.'
49
Polycystic Kidneys
Formation of multiple cysts within the kidney tissue. Results in the destruction of normal kidney tissue and uremia
50
Pyelitis
Renal pelvis inflammation
51
Pyelonephritis
Inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney. One of the most common types of kidney disease. It may be the result of a lower urinary tract infection that moved up to the kidney by way of the ureters. There may be large quantities of white blood ells and bacteria in the urine. Blood (hematuria) may even be present in the urine in this condition. Can occur with any untreated or persistent case of cystitis
52
Renal Cell Carcinoma
Cancerous tumor that arises from kidney tubule cells
53
Renal Failure
Inability of the kidneys to filter wastes from the blood resulting in uremia. May be acute or chronic. Major reason for a patient being placed on dialysis
54
Wilm's Tumor (VILMZ)
Malignant kidney tumor found most often in children
55
Bladder Cancer
Cancerous tumor that arises from the cells lining the bladder; major sign is hematuria
56
Bladder Neck Obstruction (BNO)
Blockage of the bladder outlet. Often caused by an enlarged prostate gland in males
57
Cystitis
Urinary bladder inflammation
58
Cystocele
Hernia or protrusion of the urinary bladder into the wall of the vagina
59
Interstitial Cystitis
Disease of unknown cause in which there is inflammation and irritation of the bladder. Most commonly seen in middle-aged women
60
Neurogenic Bladder
Loss of nervous control that leads to retention; may be caused by spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis
61
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
Infection, usually from bacteria, of any organ of the urinary system. Most often begins with cystitis and may ascend in toe ureters and kidneys. Most common in women because of their shorter urethra

[MT] Lesson 5: The Digestive System, Mental Health, & The Urinary System (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions