The Ear

Question 1

what are the three parts of the outer ear (pinna)

Answer 1

tragus, helix, lobule

Question 2

what goes through the external auditory meatus to the ear

Answer 2

Auriculotemporal branch of the mandibular nerve (V)
greater auricular (C2,3)
vagus nerve

Question 3

what does the Auriculotemporal branch of the mandibular nerve (V) innervate in ear

Answer 3

sensory supply upper half of outer ear

Question 4

what innervates the lower half of outer ear

Answer 4

greater auricular

Question 5

what innervates the posterior wall and floor of the outer ear

Answer 5

vagus nerve

Question 6

what is another name for the middle ear

Answer 6

tympanic cavity

Question 7

what are the three ossicles of the middle ear

Answer 7

malleus, incus and stapes

Question 8

what does the eustachian tube connect the middle ear to

Answer 8

nasopharynx

Question 9

what are the two muscles in the middle ear

Answer 9

stapedius and tensor tympani

Question 10

what is on the roof of the middle ear

Answer 10

tegmen tympani (petrous part of temporal bone)

Question 11

what is the floor of the middle ear

Answer 11

fundus tympani (jugular wall)

Question 12

what is in the fundus tympani

Answer 12

contains small aperture for the passage of the tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 13

what is the lateral wall of the middle ear

Answer 13

tympanic membrane and canal for chords tympani

Question 14

what is the anterior wall of the middle ear perforated by

Answer 14

tensor tympani muscle and auditory canal

Question 15

what are the four main structures of the mastoid sinus

Answer 15

Aditus ad antrum: Connects epitympanum to mastoid antrum
Mastoid antrum: Large, central mastoid air cell
Körner septum: Part of petrosquamosal suture running posterolaterally through mastoid air cells
Tegmen mastoideum: Roof of mastoid air cells

Question 16

what is the function of the tympanic membrane

Answer 16

Separates the tympanic cavity from the external meatus

sound transmission, and amplification

Question 17

what supplies the tympanic membrane

Answer 17

the maxillary artery’s deep auricular branch, the stylomastoid branch of the occipital or the posterior auricular artery and the tympanic branch of the maxillary

Question 18

what drains the tympanic membrane

Answer 18

superficial drain to external jugular and deep surface drain partly to transverse sinus and dural veins and partly to venous plexus of eustachian tube.

Question 19

what innervates the tympanic membrane

Answer 19

auriculotemporal branch of mandibular nerve, auricular branch of the vagus, tympanic branch of glossopharyngeal and facial nerve.

Question 20

what muscles dampen sound waves

Answer 20

tensor tympani and stapedius

Question 21

wha innervates the tensor tympani

Answer 21

mandibular nerve

Question 22

what innervates the stapedius

Answer 22

facial nerve

Question 23

what can develop if mastoid air cells are infected

Answer 23

mastoidtis

Question 24

what is the function of the mastoid air cells

Answer 24

protect the delicate structures of the ear, regulate ear pressure and help drain fluid from inner ear

Question 25

which is the first ossicle to reciev vibrations from the tympanic membrane

Answer 25

malleus

Question 26

what is in the tympanic plexus

Answer 26

Sensory branches of facial nerve Sensory branches of glossopharyngeal nerve Nerve of Jacobson Greater Petrosal Nerve Gives rise to Lesser petrosal nerve

Question 27

what enters the ear through the internal acoustic meatus

Answer 27

facial and vestibulocochlear nerves

Question 28

describe the movement of vibrations through the inner ear

Answer 28

As the oval window moves, waves move through the perilymph fluid inside the scala tympani and then the scala vestibuli of the cochlea When fluid moves through these structures, the basilar membrane (located between the scala media and scala tympani) shifts respectively to the tectorial membrane 

Question 29

what is the receptor for sound in the inner ear

Answer 29

neuroepithelial cell in the organ of corti

Question 30

what are the two branches of the vestibulocochlear

Answer 30

vestibular and cochlear

Question 31

what is the function of the vestibular nerve

Answer 31

body balance and eye movements

Question 32

what is the function of the cochlear nerve

Answer 32

hearing

Question 33

what are the three sensory systems that contribute to balance

Answer 33

visual Conscious proprioceptive system (sensory ataxia) Vestibular system (static labyrinth)

Question 34

what is a clinicl perspective in the tympanic membrane

Answer 34

Tympanic membrane perforation / ruptured eardrum This can be caused by infection, trauma, or rapid changes in pressure leading to sudden otalgia, otorrhea, tinnitus, and vertigo.

Question 35

what is glue ear

Answer 35

 a condition where fluid builds up inside your middle ear and becomes thick and sticky - occurs after cold or ear infection