face and scalp

Question 1

what are the 5 layers of the scalp

Answer 1

skin, dense connective tissue, epicranial aponeurosis, loose alveloar connective tissue and the periosteum

Question 2

what are the 5 arteries that supply the scalp

Answer 2

superior temoral artery (front)
supraorbital artery (front)
supratrochlear artery (front)
occiptal artery (Back)
posterior auricle artery (back)

Question 3

what nerves innervate the front half of scalp

Answer 3

trigeminal nerve:
supraorbital nerve
supratrochlear nerve
zygomaticotemporal nerve
auriculotemporal nerve

Question 4

what nerves innervates the back half of the scalp

Answer 4

great auricular nerve
lesser occipital nerve
greater occipital nerve
third occipital nerve

Question 5

what is trigeminal neuralgia

Answer 5

stabbing pain in scalp, caused by swollen blood vessel, tumor, damaged myelin

Question 6

what nerve innervates the facial muscles

Answer 6

facial nerve

Question 7

what muscles are in the epicranius

Answer 7

occipitofrontalis
epicranial aponeurosis
temporoparietalis

Question 8

what is the function of the occipitofrontalis

Answer 8

raises eyebrows and skin over root of nose
frontal: draws scalp fowards - causing wrinkles
occipotal: draws scalp backwards

Question 9

what supplies the frontal part of the occipitofrontalis

Answer 9

the ophthalmic and superficial temporal arteries

Question 10

what supplies the occipital part of the occipitofrontalis

Answer 10

posterior auricular and occipital arteries.

Question 11

what is the muscle around the eye

Answer 11

orbicularis oculi

Question 12

what are the two parts of the obicularis oculi

Answer 12

orbital and palpebral parts

Question 13

what is the function of the orbicularis oculi

Answer 13

closing eyes, tear flow/crying
Contraction of the orbital part pulls the skin of the forehead and cheek towards the nose

Question 14

what supplies the orbicularis oculi

Answer 14

branches of the maxillary, superficial temporal and facial arteries.

Question 15

what innervates the orbicularis oculi

Answer 15

the zygomatic and temporal branches of facial nerve

Question 16

what supplies the corrugator supercilia

Answer 16

the ophthalmic branch of the internal carotid artery, and the superficial temporal branch of the external carotid artery.

Question 17

what innervates the corrugator supercilia

Answer 17

temporal branches of the facial nerve

Question 18

what is the function of the corrugator supercilia

Answer 18

pull the eyebrows medially and produces vertical wrinkles

Question 19

what is the function of the nasalis

Answer 19

dilates the nostrils, depresses the ala nasi (nostril wings) laterally and wrinkles the nasal skin - flaring of nostrils

Question 20

what innervates the nasalis

Answer 20

buccal branch of facial nerve

Question 21

what supplies nasalis muscle

Answer 21

superior labial, septal and lateral nasal branches of the facial artery and the infraorbital branch of the maxillary artery.

Question 22

what innervates the procerus

Answer 22

temporal, lower zygomatic or buccal branches of facial nerve

Question 23

what supplies the procerus

Answer 23

the angular and lateral nasal branches of the facial artery.

Question 24

what is the function of the procerus

Answer 24

depresses the medial parts of the eyebrows and wrinkles the skin between them

Question 25

what is the function of the orbicularis oris

Answer 25

closes mouth and lip pouting, puckering, twisting

Question 26

what innervates the orbicularis oris

Answer 26

buccal and marginal mandibular branches of the facial nerve

Question 27

what supplies the orbicularis oris

Answer 27

superior and inferior labial branches of facial artery

Question 28

what is the function of the buccinator

Answer 28

Compresses the cheek against the teeth and gums during mastication and assists tongue in directing food between teeth. Important in expelling air between lips Keeps the bolus of food central in the oral cavity

Question 29

what innervates the buccinator

Answer 29

buccal branches of the facial nerve

Question 30

what supplies the buccinator

Answer 30

buccal branch of the maxillary artery, with contributions from branches of the facial artery.

Question 31

what supplies the Levator labii superioris muscle

Answer 31

angular branch of the facial artery and infraorbital branch of the maxillary artery.

Question 32

what innervates the Levator labii superioris muscle

Answer 32

zygomatic and buccal branches of facial nerve

Question 33

what is the function of the Levator labii superioris muscle?

Answer 33

elevate upper lip - smiling

Question 34

what supplies the depressor labii inferious

Answer 34

the inferior labial branch of facial artery and mental branch of inferior alveolar artery.

Question 35

what innervates the depressor labii inferious

Answer 35

mandibular branch of facial nerve

Question 36

what is the function of the depressor labii inferious

Answer 36

draws lip down and laterally – mastication and sorrow

Question 37

what is the function of the Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle

Answer 37

elevate upper lip and to elevate, deepen and increase the curvature of the nasolabial furrow.

Question 38

what supplies the Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle

Answer 38

the facial artery and the infraorbital branch of the maxillary artery.

Question 39

what innervates the Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle

Answer 39

zygomatic and buccal branches of facial nerve

Question 40

what is the name of the muscle at the side of nose

Answer 40

Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle

Question 41

what is the function of the mentalis

Answer 41

depresses lower lip - drinking

Question 42

what supplies the mentalis

Answer 42

inferior labial branch of facial artery and mental branch of the maxillary artery (via inferior alveolar artery).

Question 43

what innervates the mentalis

Answer 43

mandibular branch of the facial nerve

Question 44

what is the function of the risorius

Answer 44

pulling the angles of the mouth laterally and superiorly to produce a smile.

Question 45

what supplies the risorius

Answer 45

the superior labial branch of the facial artery.

Question 46

what innervates the risorius

Answer 46

buccal branch of facial nerve

Question 47

what is the function of the Levator anguli oris muscle

Answer 47

elevate the angles of the lips, thereby contributing to producing a smile

Question 48

what supplies the Levator anguli oris muscle

Answer 48

the superior labial branch of facial artery and infraorbital branch of maxillary artery.

Question 49

what innervates the Levator anguli oris muscle

Answer 49

zygomatic and buccal branches of facial nerve

Question 50

what is the function of the Depressor anguli oris

Answer 50

to depress the angle of the mouth, which contributes to expressing feelings of sadness or anger

Question 51

what supplies the Depressor anguli oris

Answer 51

inferior labial branch of the facial artery and the mental branch of the maxillary artery.

Question 52

what innervates the Depressor anguli oris

Answer 52

marginal mandibular and buccal branches of facial nerve

Question 53

what innervates the zygomatic major/minor

Answer 53

zygomatic and buccal branches of the facial nerve

Question 54

what supplies the zygomatic major/minor

Answer 54

superior labial branch of the facial artery.

Question 55

what is the function of the zygomatic major/ minor

Answer 55

elevates angle of mouth

Question 56

what are the branches of the facial nerve

Answer 56

temporal zygomatic buccal marginal mandibular cervical

Question 57

from what pharyngeal arch are the muscles of facial expression derived from

Answer 57

2nd

Question 58

which muscles in the face are sphincters

Answer 58

orbicularis oris incisivus labii superioris and inferioris

Question 59

what layer of the scalp contains the ramifying arteries, veins and nerves

Answer 59

fibro-fatty connective tissue layer

Question 60

which veins connect the veins of the scalp to the dural venous sinus

Answer 60

emissary veins

Question 61

what is the function of the ganglion in the facial nerve

Answer 61

it contains cells whose fibres bring taste information from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Question 62

what nerve innervates the skin over the angle of the mandible

Answer 62

great auricular nerve

Question 63

the auriculotemporal nerve of the scalp is a branch of what

Answer 63

cervical plexus

Question 64

where are the superficial veins of the scalp found

Answer 64

the subcutaneous connective tissue layer

Question 65

the veins and arteries of the scalp are mainly in what layer

Answer 65

subcutaneous connective tissue layer

Question 66

what is the order in which the three bracnhes of the facial nerve come off within the petrous portion of the temporal bone

Answer 66

greater petrosal, nerve to the stapedius muscle, chorda tympani