The Endocrine System

Question 1

What are hormones

Answer 1

Chemical messengers

Question 2

Where are hormones made

Answer 2

Endocrine glands

Question 3

Hormones go to ——— for a response

Answer 3

Target organs

Question 4

Homeostasis

Answer 4

To maintain a constant internal environment

Question 5

What does homeostasis allow for

Answer 5

Helping the body cells to work at their optimum

Question 6

How is brain involved in homeostasis

Answer 6

Coordinates responses to internal and external stimuli

Question 7

How is the lungs involved in homeostasis

Answer 7

Controls amount of O2 and CO2 in blood

Question 8

How are the muscles involved in homeostasis

Answer 8

Can respond to environment and blood sugar

Question 9

How is the skin involved in homeostasis

Answer 9

senses external environment and controls body temperature

Question 10

How is the pancreas involved with homeostasis

Answer 10

Can increase/decrease amount of glucose in blood

Question 11

How is the kidney involved with homeostasis

Answer 11

Can control amount of water in blood

Question 12

How are hormones transported

Answer 12

They are secreted into the blood and diffused out of it to the target cells of the target organs

Question 13

Nervous system vs Endocrine system

Answer 13

Nervous system is very fast as electrical impulses travel through the axon for a short time at a specific place.

Endocrine system is much slower and is transported through the blood for a long time all over the body

Question 14

What is your thyroid gland and what does it do

Answer 14

Secretes thyroid hormones - which controls the speed at which bodies chemicals functions proceed

Question 15

How is the thyroid hormones made

Answer 15

Takes iodine from food and converts it to thyroxine by combining it with amino acid tyrosine

Question 16

Hypothyroidism

Answer 16

Where the thyroid gland doesn’t produce enough thyroid hormones

Question 17

Hyperthyroidism

Answer 17

Where the thyroid gland produces too much of the thyroid hormones

Question 18

What are adrenal glands and what do they do

Answer 18

Adrenal glands are small glands on top of your kidneys that produce hormones that help regulate metabolism, immune system and respond to stress

Question 19

Adrenaline

Answer 19

Adrenaline is used in times of stress to prepare itself for intensive action

Question 20

What happens when you have adrenaline

Answer 20

Your eyes dilate, heart + breathing rate increases, blood diverts away from the organs (digestive) to your muscles

Question 21

If a factor in the environment increases,

Answer 21

The system changes to reduce it back to normal

Question 22

If a factor in the environment decreases,

Answer 22

The system changes it increase it back to normal

Question 23

How long does a menstrual cycle last

Answer 23

28 days

Question 24

Why does the lining of the uterus start to thicken

Answer 24

To receive a fertilised egg

Question 25

After 14 days …

Answer 25

The egg is released from the ovary - called ovulation

Question 26

If egg is fertilised

Answer 26

May implant the uterus lining - protected and receives nutrients and oxygen

Question 27

If egg not fertilised

Answer 27

Is removed from the body - called periods

Question 28

How is the menstrual cycle controlled

Answer 28

By 4 hormones; follicle stimulating hormones, oestrogen, luteinising hormone, progesterone

Question 29

What does the ovary do?

Answer 29

Eggs mature and are stored here

Question 30

What does the Fallopian tube do?

Answer 30

Where the egg is fertilised before travelling along the tube to uterus

Question 31

What does the uterus do?

Answer 31

The foetus develops here

Question 32

What does the cervix do?

Answer 32

Entrance to the uterus

Question 33

What does the vagina do?

Answer 33

Receives sperm from the penis during sexual intercourse

Question 34

Follicle stimulating hormone to where and why

Answer 34

Secreted by the pituitary gland - travels to egg to mature

Question 35

Oestrogen goes to where and why

Answer 35

Secreted by ovaries - causes the uterus lining to build up

Question 36

Luteinising hormone where and why?

Answer 36

When the hormone reaches the peak in the middle of the cycle - ovulation is triggered

Question 37

Progesterone where and why?

Answer 37

Maintains uterus lining - levels remain high throughout pregnancy

Question 38

Techniques to prevent pregnancy

Answer 38

Contraceptions

Question 39

Non hormonal techniques

Answer 39

Barrier methods to prevent sperm contacting egg. Also, uses physical devices that release chemical compounds to kill sperm cell and prevent implantations

Question 40

Hormonal techniques

Answer 40

Use hormones to disrupt normal reproductive cycle

Question 41

Condoms and diaphragms (cervical caps)

Answer 41

Placed over area to prevent sperm cells entering 95-98% 92-96%

Question 42

Intrauterine device

Answer 42

Inserted into the uterus - released copper that kills sperm cell surviving in uterus = over 99%

Question 43

Oestrogen and progesterone pill

Answer 43

Thickens mucus from cervix - stopping sperm from reaching an ovum = 99%

Question 44

Progesterone (same for intrauterine system)

Answer 44

Thickens mucus from the cervix - stopping sperm from reaching an ovum. Also thins uterus lining preventing implantations = over 99%

Question 45

Tropism

Answer 45

When plants detect stimuli in their environment and respond by growing in a particular direction

Question 46

Phototropism

Answer 46

Growing towards the light

Question 47

Gravitopsim

Answer 47

Growing in the same direction as gravity

Question 48

Auxin

Answer 48

The plant hormone that enables a plant to grow towards or away from a stimuli

Question 49

How do plants respond to light

Answer 49

Auxin moves to side without light and there is a build up of it on the shaded side. The cells respond by elongating and increases length of the shoot, so shoot bends towards the light.

Question 50

How do roots respond to gravity

Answer 50

The root grows more on the side with the least amount of auxin, making it bend and grow down towards gravity

Question 51

How do shoots respond to gravity

Answer 51

The shorts grow more with the side of most auxin making it bend and grow up away from gravity

Question 52

Ethene

Answer 52

Causes plants to ripen by stimulating the conversion of starch into sugar (only hormone in gas form)

Question 53

Gibberellins

Answer 53

Promotes growth of stem elongation. Also end dormancy period of seeds and buds - shoots and flowers open

Question 54

Killing weeds

Answer 54

The auxin weed killer makes them grow too fast. This rapid uncontrolled growth kills the plant

Question 55

Promoting root growth

Answer 55

Cut off a plant shoot, dip it in auxin (rooting powder) and develops to produce identical plants

Question 56

Delaying ripening

Answer 56

Auxin is sprayed on fruits to delay ripening to be collected at same time

Question 57

Ripening fruits

Answer 57

Ethene is sprayed on fruits so they ripen quicker

Question 58

Producing seedless fruits

Answer 58

Auxin applied to unpollinated flowers so the plants produce them parthenocarpic

Question 59

Controlling dormancy

Answer 59

Spray gibberellins or auxins to germinate on winter so they last until ideal conditions

Question 60

What is a clinostat

Answer 60

A rotating device to reduce the effect of gravity on plant and experiment which is measuring phototropism

Question 61

What is TRH

Answer 61

releasing hormone which stimulates TSH - so if thyroxine is low, both will increase to increase back to normal