The English Civil War

Question 1

when did english civil war start?

Answer 1

1642

Question 2

how long did english civil war last?

Answer 2

approx. 10 years

Question 3

who fought in the English civil war?
(side, leader, nickname)

Answer 3

Royalists- King Charles 1 - cavaliers
Parliamentarians- Oliver Cromwell- round head

Question 4

Cause of english civil war (economic, religious, power)

Answer 4

economic - taxes to flight wars - ship money 1634
religious - gov puritan - Charles marred Henrietta Maria 1625 - catholic
power - King has ‘supreme power’ ‘ divine right of god’ - dissolution of parliament 1629

Question 5

Triggers religious

Answer 5

Irish rebellion caused by Charles 1 - burns 200,000 puritan
Scotland - Catholic prayer book forced (Scottish very protestant)

Question 6

Triggers economic

Answer 6

coat and conduct money - high tax to support war against Scots bc of Catholic prayer book

Question 7

Triggers power

Answer 7

Grand remonstrance - division in Parliament
Arguments over who should lead a war against Ireland

Question 8

who supported royalists and why?

Answer 8

York, Exeter, Oxford, Shrewsbury, chester
Richer : taxes don’t affect them

Question 9

who supported parliamentarians and why?

Answer 9

Gloucester, Hull, Manchester, Dover, Bristol, Plymouth, Leeds
> port towns were usually poorer, and they could not afford taxation

Question 10

Significance of english civil war - social

Answer 10

160,000 soldiers and up to 40,000 civilians were killed out of a population of 6 mil , lots of people were injured mentally and physically because medicine was not very good,
New political ideas

Question 11

Consequence religious

Answer 11

Puritan rule after Charles executed

Question 12

Consequences power

Answer 12

Future monarchs had less power and were scared of gov, 1649 was the only time a brit monarch was executed by their own people

Question 13

Consequences geog

Answer 13

borders of Scotland and Ireland changed, war had huge geog impact

Question 14

Consequence army

Answer 14

New model army - promotion on merit

Question 15

Why weren’t there many large battles?

Answer 15

too long for armies to travel

Question 16

Royalists did well at start of the war bc…

Answer 16

…more money better leader

Question 17

Land control 1642-1643

Answer 17

Royalists-55% Parliamentarians-45%

Question 18

what happened in 1644 (turning point for roundheads) ?

Answer 18

Scots joined their side

Question 19

Morston Moor battle (when, who won , why)

Answer 19

1644, parliamentarians won, element of surprise, more men, cavaliers not ready to fight

Question 20

Land control 1644

Answer 20

Royalists- 30% Parliamentarians-70%

Question 21

New Model army

Answer 21

-reorganised roundhead army
-New leaders -uniform - paid -trained
-promoted

Question 22

Land control 1645

Answer 22

Royalists - 25% parliament -75%

Question 23

Why did having lots of land help the roundhead?

Answer 23

More people, more access to food and resources

Question 24

What happened in Naseby 1645?

Answer 24

New model army defeated Charles, killed most foot soldiers and made him retreat in 3hrs!

Question 25

When and to whom did Charles surrender to?

Answer 25

1646, Scots who handed him over to parliament

Question 26

What happened in 1648-1649?

Answer 26

Imprisoned, escaped for 11 months, re-imprisoned

Question 27

When, how and for what was Charles killed?

Answer 27

1649, Charles executed for treason by Parliament (regicide)

Question 28

Monarchy restored

Answer 28

1660, Charles 2 , returned from exile, became king

Question 29

Interregnum 1649-1660

Answer 29

Period without a king - under lord protector Oliver Cromwell and his son