the environment

Question 1

describe cities and the environment

Answer 1

• Cities are often seen as the main source of pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.
• Having large numbers of people and industries in one place make it easier to bring in new environmental regulations and lower the cost of delivering water, sanitation and healthcare (Satterthwaite, 2007).
• Cities also provide opportunities to change the way people live more quickly, for example by designs which favour public transport, cycling and walking rather than cars.

Question 2

what is the neoliberal perspective of the environemtn?

Answer 2

• See solutions in the extension of the free market.
• Capitalism will generate solutions to the problems e.g. high fuel costs will lead to more fuel-efficient cars being produced, or grants will lead to development of renewable energy.
• Technological fixes.
• Encourages privatisation of utilities such as water and would make use of them more efficient.

Question 3

what is the malthusian perspective of the environment?

Answer 3

• Concerned by implications to the environment from population growth.
• Argue that poor people in LICs are damaging the environment and this needs curbing.
• They argue that issues come from population rising in LICs putting pressures on marginal land which will lead to problems such as desertification.

Question 4

what is the dependecy theory perspective of the environment?

Answer 4

• The wealthiest people need curbing due to their high level of consumerism.
• They argue that exploitation of the south’s resources is generally for the people in the north.
• They would argue that neoliberal policies have made making changes harder; less government control and more unaccountable TNCs.

Question 5

what is the neoliberal perspective of the environemnt

Answer 5

-The extension of the free market is the solution to the environmental problems. Capitalism may have contributed to environmental problems but it will generate solutions.

Question 6

what is the neo-mathusian perspective?

Answer 6

• Concerned with the growing numbers of people means that marginal land has to be farmed, with loss of soil and eventual desertification.