The Excretory System

Question 1

What are wastes?

Answer 1

Wastes are considered any substance produced by our metabolic activites that is harmful or excessive

Question 2

Urine

Answer 2

is a combination of urea, water and salts an excreted by the kidneys

Question 3

heat

Answer 3

is a waste product by the mitochondria during cellular respiration and execrated by the skin

Question 4

Carbon Dioxide

Answer 4

is a waste produced by the mitochondria during cellular respiration and execrated by the lungs

Question 5

urea

Answer 5

is a waste produced by the liver from the breakdown of old-worn out RBCs. It moves to the kidneys to be excreted

Question 6

Skin

Answer 6

The Hypothalamus located in your brain, controls your body temperature.
It has 2 regions:
-The Heat Loss Center and
-The Heat Gain Center

Question 7

The heat loss center

Answer 7

anterior Hypothalamus results in the dilation of blood vessels near skin and sweating through the sweat glands

Question 8

the heat gain center

Answer 8

posterior hypothalamus causes muscles to shiver, generating heat

Question 9

Renal Artery and Veins

Answer 9

Renal Arteries bring blood to kidneys to be filtered, renal veins carry filtered blood back into circulation

Question 10

Kidneys (2)

Answer 10

each kidney contains 1 million filtration units called nephrons

Question 11

Ureters (2)

Answer 11

Connect kidneys to the bladder; urine travels through these tubes

Question 12

Urinary Bladder

Answer 12

Temporally store for urine

Question 13

urethra

Answer 13

narrow tube through which urine is eliminated from the body

Question 14

Renal Cortex

Answer 14

outermost region of the kidney 1/2 nephron located here

Question 15

Renal Medulla

Answer 15

middle region of the kidney other 1/2 of nephron located here

Question 16

Renal Pelvis

Answer 16

innermost region of the kidney.
Urine collect here and directly connected to a ureter

Question 17

Liver

Answer 17

The liver is located in the upper right-hand portion of the abdominal cavity, beneath the diaphragm, and on top of the stomach, right kidney, and intestine. Shaped like a cone, the liver is a dark reddish-brown organ that weighs about 3 pounds.

Question 18

Can you live without a liver?

Answer 18

NO you cannot live without a liver

Question 19

Can the liver regenerate?

Answer 19

YES the liver can regenerate

Question 20

List some functions of the liver

Answer 20

-Produces bile which helps carry away waster and break down fats in the small intestine during digestion
-Produces certain proteins for blood plasma
-Produces cholesterol and special proteins to help carry fats through they body
ETC.

Question 21

How many nephrons are there

Answer 21

THERE ARE 1 MILLION IN EACH KIDNEY

Question 22

The nephron is what?

Answer 22

The nephron is the filtration unit of the kidney

Question 23

STEP 1

Answer 23

Blood enters each kidney through the Renal Artery, dividing into arterioles and then into capillaries

Question 24

STEP 2

Answer 24

Capillaries cluster together forming the GLOMERULUS. Blood pressure builds, pushing the plasma only into the Bowman’s Capsule
RBCs and WBCs and platelets are immediately put back into circulation

Question 25

step 3

Answer 25

at the proximal tubule, active transport 'pumps' important substances (nutrients, hormones, antibodies) into the surrounding capillary network (reabsorption)

Question 26

STEP 4

Answer 26

at the loop of Henle more water is drawn out of the filtrate and reabsorbed by the surrounded capillaries

Question 27

STEP 5

Answer 27

your level of hydration dictates what occurs at the distal convoluted tubule

Question 28

STEP 6

Answer 28

hydration - water is added to the filtrate from the surrounding capillaries = HIGH URINE OUTPUT dehydration - anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) is released and triggers capillaries surrounding distal convoluted tubule to not allow water to be added to the filtrate = LOW URINE OUTPUT

Question 29

STEP 7

Answer 29

Urine then moves through the collecting tubule and toward the Renal Pelvis

Question 30

STEP 8

Answer 30

Urine leaves the pelvis, travels through the ureters, is temporally stored in the bladder before exiting the body through the ureatha

Question 31

STEP 9

Answer 31

All reabsorbed substances in the capillary network merge with Renal venules, to the Renal veins and eventually back to the heart through the Inferior Vena Cava