🔬The Nervous System 🧪

Question 1

Impulse

Answer 1

Electrochemical messages that travel along neurons (nerve cells)

Question 2

Receptors

Answer 2

Specialized structures that detect stimuli (sense organs)

Question 3

Effectors

Answer 3

Organs that produce responses to stimuli (muscles, organs and glands)

Question 4

Stimulus

Answer 4

Any change in the internal or external environment of an organism that causes an impulse

Question 5

Response

Answer 5

The reaction to the stimulus

Question 6

Dendrites

Answer 6

Highly branched fibers that RECIEVE messages and direct an impulse toward the cell body

Question 7

Cell Body

Answer 7

Contains the nucleus, cytoplasm and other cell organelles

Question 8

Axon

Answer 8

Elongated portion of the neuron that varies in length. Direct impulse away from the cell body toward the terminal branches

Question 9

Myelin Sheath

Answer 9

Fatty, insulation layer that surrounds the axon

Question 10

Node of Ranvier

Answer 10

Gaps in the myelin sheath that allow exchange ions with the extracellular environment

Question 11

Terminal Branches

Answer 11

Ending of the neuron; highly branched at the very end there are the terminal knobs that release neurotransmitters

Question 12

Sensory Neurons

Answer 12

Receives an impulse from receptors and directs the impulse toward the brain and spinal cord

Question 13

Interneuron

Answer 13

Neurons of the brain and spinal cord. These neurons receive and impulse from a sensory neuron and coordinate and process on appropriate response

Question 14

Motor Neuron

Answer 14

Neurons that direct a message away from the spinal cord and brain out to an effector

Question 15

The complete Pathway

Answer 15

STIMULUS
Receptor
Sensory Neuron
Interneuron
Motor Neuron
Effector
RESPONCE

Question 16

The synapse

Answer 16

• The tiny gap in between two neurons
  -Electricity cannot cross this gap
  -Message changes to a chemical called neurotransmitters
  -These neurotransmitters cross the synapse and dock with a receptor on the dendrite of the next neuron

Question 17

Cerebrum

Answer 17

Touch, vision, hearing, speech, reasoning, emotions, learning, and fine control movements

Question 18

Cerebellum

Answer 18

Co-ordinate muscle movements maintain posture and balance

Question 19

Brain Stem (Medulla Oblongata)

Answer 19

Relay center connecting the cerebrum to the spinal cord, breathing, heart rate, body temp, wake and sleep cycles, digestion

Question 20

Organization of the Nervous System

Answer 20

THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System
Brain Spinal Cord Sensory Neurons Motor Neuron
Interneurons Somatic Autonomic
I
Sympathetic Parasympathetic
Fight of flight rest and digest

Question 21

THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Uses electrochemical messages: electricity through the neuron and chemicals (neurotransmitters) between neurons

Answer 21

THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Uses chemical messages in the form of hormones

Question 22

THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Uses neurons to transport messages

Answer 22

THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Uses the bloodstream to transport messages

Question 23

THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
150 meters/second
FAST

Answer 23

THE ENDOCTRINE SYSTEM
Average is 3-4 miles per hour. This is FAST but much slower than the nervous system

Question 24

THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Responsible for REGULATION

Answer 24

THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Responsible for regulation

Question 25

THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Answer 25

-Endocrine glands release hormones directly into the bloodstream -Hormones are delivered by blood to target cells -These hormones dock with a receptor of the cell -Hormones bring about a change in the cell

Question 26

Protein/Peptide Hormones

Answer 26

Dock with a receptor on the surface cell membrane

Question 27

Steroid Hormones

Answer 27

Slip through the cell membrane and docks with a receptor in the cells cytoplasm

Question 28

The Pituitary Gland

Answer 28

-The pituitary gland is also known as the Master Gland -It releases many hormones that trigger other endocrine glands to release hormones -The hypothalamus acts as a rely center between the Nervous and Endocrine Systems

Question 29

Human growth Gland (HGH)

Answer 29

GLAND - Pituitary FUNCTION - Triggers made and bone growth

Question 30

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Answer 30

GLAND - Pituitary FUNCTION - triggers the ovary in females to begin the development of an egg within a follicle an starts the menstrual cycle

Question 31

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

Answer 31

GLAND - Pituitary FUNCTION - Triggers the thyroid gland to release thyroxine

Question 32

Thyroxin

Answer 32

Increases cell metabolism

Question 33

Calcitonin

Answer 33

Lowers blood calcium levels

Question 34

Parathormone

Answer 34

Increase blood calcium levels

Question 35

Thymosin

Answer 35

triggers the maturation of the T-cell Lymphocytes

Question 36

Adrenaline/Epinephrine

Answer 36

Released during fight or flight response

Question 37

Cortisol

Answer 37

Released in times of prolonged stress

Question 38

Insulin

Answer 38

Lowers blood glucose levels through guiding sugar into cells

Question 39

Glucagon

Answer 39

Raises blood glucose levels by calling on glycogen reserves to be broken down

Question 40

The Testes release

Answer 40

Testosterone

Question 41

Testosterone

Answer 41

Controls sperm development and secondary sex characteristics

Question 42

The Ovaries release

Answer 42

Estrogen and Progesterone

Question 43

Estrogen

Answer 43

Initiates uterine lining growth and controls secondary sex characteristics

Question 44

Progesterone

Answer 44

Continues to promote uterine lining growth

Question 45

Negative Feedback Mechanism

Answer 45

Seeks to reverse a change that has occurred in the human body

Question 46

Positive Feedback Mechanism

Answer 46

Seek to continue a change and sometimes intensify a change that has occurred inside the body

Question 47

Melatonin

Answer 47

Controls the sleep/wake cycle