The Excretory System

Question 1

What are the functions of the excretory system?

Answer 1

Regular volume and composition of body fluids, remove wastes, Return substances to the body to be reused.

Question 2

Describe the functions of the kidneys.

Answer 2

Illuminate wastes from blood, regulate water concentration of the body as well as blood pressure, helps to maintain a constant PH.

Question 3

Where are the kidneys located?

Answer 3

Located on Abdominal wall beneath the diaphragm and lungs

Question 4

What is the renal vein in the kidney?

Answer 4

Veins that branch from the kidney to the inferior vena cava, carry deoxygenated blood to the heart.

Question 5

What is the renal artery in the kidney?

Answer 5

Arteries that branch into the kidneys from the aorta, carry oxygenated blood from the heart.

Question 6

What is the renal pelvis in the kidney?

Answer 6

Funnel like structure, receives urine from renal tissues

Question 7

The renal pelvis of the kidney is divided into two parts what are they?

Answer 7

Outer renal cortex an inner renal medulla

Question 8

What is the renal cortex Of the kidney?

Answer 8

Outer layer of connective tissue that surrounds the kidney

Question 9

What is the renal medulla of the kidney?

Answer 9

Inner layer of kidney found beneath the cortex

Question 10

What are the nephrons in the kidney?

Answer 10

Filter substances from blood and transform it into urine

Question 11

Where are the nephrons located in the kidney?

Answer 11

Upper portion located in renal cortex of the kidney and the lower portion is located in the renal medulla of the kidney

Question 12

What are the three regions of the nephron in the kidney?

Answer 12

A filter, a tube, and the duct

Question 13

What is the function of the proximal tubule?

Answer 13

Joins the Bowmans capsule with the loop of Henle, sight of reabsorption from the nephron back into the blood.

Question 14

What is the function of the distal tubule?

Answer 14

K’NEX the loop of Henley to the collecting duct, reabsorption can occur here, the last segment of the nephron.

Question 15

What is the function of loop of Henle?

Answer 15

Takes urine from the proximal tubule to the distal tubule

Question 16

What happens in the descending loop of Henle?

Answer 16

Is permeable to water and ions and is the site of some reabsorption

Question 17

What happens in the ascending loop of Henle?

Answer 17

Is impermeable to water so sodium ions are actively transported out

Question 18

What is the function of the collecting duct?

Answer 18

Collect urine from many nephrons and carries the urine to the renal pelvis

Question 19

The nephron is split into three regions what is the filter region?

Answer 19

Located at top called the Bowmans capsule

Question 20

What is inside each Bowmans capsule?

Answer 20

I could Hillary network called the glomerulus (filtration device)

Question 21

The Bowmans capsule is impermeable to what?

Answer 21

Proteins, large molecules and red blood cells

Question 22

What can pass through the Bowmans capsule?

Answer 22

Water, small molecules, ions and urine

Question 23

What is the name of the filter fluid that leaves the glomerulus?

Answer 23

Filtrate

Question 24

The nephron is split into three regions what is the tubule region?

Answer 24

Tubule absorbs substances from filtrate that are useful to the body. Tubule secrete substances into the tissues.

Question 25

The tubule region is divided into three sections what are they?

Answer 25

Proximal tubule, Loop of Henle and distal tubule

Question 26

The nephron is split into three regions what is the duct region?

Answer 26

Tubule empties into pipe like channel called collecting duct. Reclaim water from filtrate passing through it. Filtrate in duct contain water, solutes and particles called urine. Remaining water and solutes return to body the renal veins.

Question 27

What are the four main processes of the formation of urine in the nephron?

Answer 27

Glomerular filtration, Tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion, water reabsorption.

Question 28

What is glomerular filtration?

Answer 28

Process the results in the movement of water and solutes except proteins, from the blood plasma into the nephron done a pressure gradient.

Question 29

What is tubular reabsorption?

Answer 29

Process in which water and useful solutes are reabsorbed from the filtrate in the nephron and transported into capillaries for reuse in the body.

Question 30

What are the two types of transport mechanisms involved in tubular reabsorption?

Answer 30

Active transport and passive transport

Question 31

Describe the reabsorption in the loop of Henle.

Answer 31

Reabsorb water and ions from the glomerular filtrate, Descending limb goes deeper into manual a region which is increasingly salty.

Question 32

The saltiness in the descending loop of Henley causes what?

Answer 32

Causes water to diffuse from the filtrate to the capillaries by osmosis

Question 33

What is reabsorbed in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?

Answer 33

Sodium ions Diffuse From filtrate and into blood vessels via concentration gradient

Question 34

What is tubular secretion?

Answer 34

Process that moves additional wastes an excess substances from the blood into the filtrate in the nephron, uses mainly active transport.

Question 35

What controls secretion and reabsorption?

Answer 35

Hormones

Question 36

What is water reabsorption?

Answer 36

Process which removes water from the filtrate in the nephron and returns to the blood for reuse my body systems

Question 37

What does it mean if blood plasma is too concentrated?

Answer 37

Means dehydration

Question 38

Active secretion of hydrogen ions occurs where in the nephron?

Answer 38

The proximal tubule

Question 39

Active secretion of hydrogen ions and passive secretion of potassium ions by electrical tractions till chloride ions occurs in what part of the nephron?

Answer 39

Distal tubule

Question 40

What is an osmoreceptor?

Answer 40

Cell that is sensitive to osmotic pressure most are located in the hypothalamus of the brain.

Question 41

What does a ADH do in the kidney?

Answer 41

ADH increases permeability of distal tubule and collecting duct, Leading to more water being reabsorbed into the blood

Question 42

Do you hydration stimulates the secretion of what?

Answer 42

ADH

Question 43

If blood plasma is to dilute what happens?

Answer 43

Distal tubule and collecting duct become less permeable to water, more water is excreted in urine pyramid

Question 44

After dilute urine exits the body what happens to the osmotic pressure of plasma?

Answer 44

Osmotic pressure of plasma and tissue fluid returns to normal

Question 45

What gland releases a ADH in the blood?

Answer 45

Pituitary gland

Question 46

Kidneys regulate _______ balance in blood and control excretion and reabsorption of _______.

Answer 46

Salt; ions

Question 47

What is aldosterone?

Answer 47

Hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex, stimulates the distal tubule and collecting duct of the kidneys to increase the absorption of sodium into the bloodstream

Question 48

What role does the kidneys play in the maintenance of blood pH.

Answer 48

Excrete H+ And reabsorb HCO3 to maintain normal blood pH

Question 49

If blood is too acidic what does the kidneys do?

Answer 49

H+ is excreted in HCO3 is reabsorbed

Question 50

If the blood is too basic what does the kidneys do?

Answer 50

H+ is not excreted and HCO3 is not reabsorbed

Question 51

What are the ureters?

Answer 51

Long muscular tubes that transport urine from kidneys to the urinary bladder

Question 52

What is the urinary bladder?

Answer 52

Temporarily stores urine

Question 53

How does the urinary bladder temporarily store urine?

Answer 53

Controlled by to sphincter muscles

Question 54

What happens when a sphincter muscle relaxers in the urinary bladder?

Answer 54

Urine drains down the bladder

Question 55

What is the urethra?

Answer 55

Tubes or which you’re in exits the body

Question 56

How long is the urethra in centimetres in male and female?

Answer 56

20 cm in males and 4 cm in females

Question 57

Excretion is…

Answer 57

Removal of liquid waste from cell

Question 58

What is the function of the excretory system?

Answer 58

Remove poisonous waste from the blood

Question 59

Blood entering the kidney will travel through with structure?

Answer 59

The renal artery

Question 60

Blood leaving the kidney will travel through which structure?

Answer 60

The renal vein

Question 61

Urine is made mostly of?

Answer 61

Water