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Histology Exam 2 Material > The Eye > Flashcards

The Eye Flashcards

(93 cards)

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1
Q

The fibrous tunic of the eye is ____ and ____

A

Sclera (tunica fibrosa)

Cornea

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2
Q

The Vascular tunic is what three things

A

Choroid, Ciliary body, Iris

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3
Q

The inner tunic is what

A

Retina

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4
Q

The fovea centralis

A

point where you have the sharpest visual acuity

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5
Q

What part of the fibrous tunic is transparent

A

The cornea

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6
Q

What part of the fibrous tunic is opaque

A

Sclera

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7
Q

The sclera is lined by the

A

middle or vascular pigmented layer that absorbs light

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8
Q

What is the limbus

A

the zone of transition of the epithelium of the conjunctiva with that of the cornea. it is also the boundary of the transparent cornea with the opaque sclera

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9
Q

What are the functions of the corneoscleral coat

A
  • Protects the inner structures of the eye

- Together with the intramural fluid pressure, it maintains the shape and consistency of the eyeball

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10
Q

What are the two layers of the Sclera

A

Episcleral layer and Sclera proper

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11
Q

What is the outer layer of the sclera

A

Episcleral layer

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12
Q

What is the structure of the episcleral layer

A

loosely arranged collagen and elastic fibers

highly vascularized

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13
Q

The episcleral layer attaches

A

the lining of the eyelid (conjunctiva) to the sclera

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14
Q

What is the strucuture of the Sclera proper

A

Made up of interlacing collagen fibers

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15
Q

The Sclera proper is the attachment site for

A

tendons of extrinsic eye muscles

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16
Q

Collagen bundles of the sclera proper are alway aligned _____ to outer surface of sclera

A

Parallel

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17
Q

What is the lamina cribrosa of the eye

A

perforated disc of the sclera

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18
Q

The Lamina cribrosa provide a passthrough for

A

The optic nerve fibers

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19
Q

Anteriorly the sclera is continuous with

A

the cornea

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20
Q

The junction between the two scleral layers is

A

the limbus (it is highly vascularized)

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21
Q

Posteriorly the sclera is continuous with the

A

dual covering of the optic nerve

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22
Q

How many layers does the cornea have

A

5

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23
Q

What are the five layers of the cornea

A 
Corneal epithelium
Bowman's membrane 
Corneal Stroma
Descemet's membrane
Corneal endothelium
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24
Q

The corneal epithelium is what kind of epithelium and how many layers

A

5-6 layers of stratified, nonkeratinized squamous epithelium

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25
The corneal epithelium has high ____ activity in the basal layer
mitotic
26
What is the turnover rate for the corneal epithelium
1 week
27
What is bowman's membrane
Acellular layer separates the corneal epithelium from stroma
28
Boman's membrane structure
randomly arranged collagen fibers
29
What is the structure/compositions of corneal stroma
Thin layers of ordered arrays of collagen fibers
30
What is the structure/composition of Descemet's membrane
Acellular layer of collagen bundles
31
Separates storm from endothelium
Descemet's membrane
32
Single layer of large squamous cells in in the cornea
Corneal endothelium
33
The basal cells of the corneal epithelium are anchored to Bowman's layer by
hemidesmosomes
34
Corneal endothelium contain abundant mitochondria, why?
They participate in the active transport of material form aqueous humor into descemet's membrane and part of the corneal stroma
35
_____ nerves can be found in the storm. After crossing Bowman's layer nerves become ________ and extend toward the surface in the intercellular spaces of the corneal epithelium
myelinated, unmyelinated
36
are blood vessels present in the stroma
No
37
The stroma of the cornea is formed by collagen lamellae oriented at
an angle to one another
38
The choroid extend anterior to
ora serrate of the retina
39
The choroid is _____ vascularized with _____ CT
highly , loose CT
40
Contains small blood vessels that supply cells of the retina
Choriocapillary network
41
Choroid forms the ________ network
choriocapillary
42
The loose CT of the Choroid functions
Highly vascularized forms choriocapillary network provides nutrients to outer layers of the retina consists of medium and large arteries and veins as well as a widebore capillary network Contains melanocytes
43
What is brush's (glassy) membrane
Acellular fused basal laminae of choriocapillaris and pigmented retinal epithelium
44
Bruch's membrane is formed by
The basal lamina of the pigmented epithelium Subjacent layers of collagenous and elastic fibers The basal lamina of endothelial cells of the underlying capillary network (choriocapillaris)
45
Wedge-shaped expansion of choroid peripheral to the lens
Ciliary body
46
The ciliary body is covered by
a double layer of cells
47
The innermost layer of ciliary body is continuous with
the pigmented layer of the retina
48
The surface/outer layer of the ciliary body is from the
sensory layer of the retina
49
Where is aqueous humor produced
in the endothelial layer of ciliary body
50
______extend to just behind lens equator and anchor the lens in place
suspensory ligaments (of Zinn)
51
Where are the suspensory ligaments (of Zinn) located
in the ciliary body
52
Ciliary muscles structure and function
smooth muscle mass that changes the shape of the lens | innervated by parasympathetic neurons
53
What part of the eye are the ciliary muscles located
in the Ciliary body, which is part of the Vascular tunic (urea)
54
The iris has how many surfaces
two
55
The anterior surface of the iris lacks
epithelial lining
56
The posterior surface of the iris is lined by
dual layer of pigmented epithelial cells, a direct continuation of the pigmented layer of the retina
57
The sphincter pupillae
Consisting of smooth muscle cells has acetylcholine receptors and is innervated by parasympathetic nerve fibers contraction constricts pupil (miosis)
58
Dilator pupillae
consisting of myoepithelial cells contains alpha adrenergic receptors and is innervated by sympathetic nerve fibers - contraction of the dilator causes pupil dilation (mydriasis)
59
What are the 3 components of aqueous humor
H20, Na+, Cl-
60
The aqueous humor is produced by
ciliary epithelium lining the ciliary processes
61
______ is a modified annular vessel forming a complete circle at the apex of the anterior chamber angle (corneal-irideal angle)
Canal of Schlemm
62
The obstruction in the drainage of aqueous humor leads to an increase in intraocular pressure that gradually damages the retina and causes blindness if untreated. This condition is called ___
glaucoma
63
What is the major escape route of the aqueous humor
The canal of Sclemm.
64
What are the two groups of ciliary muscles responsible for
one group of muscles is responsible for flattening the lens | A second group of muscles is responsible for allowing the lens to become thicker
65
The nonpigmented suface layer of cells in the ciliary body secrete aqueous humor where
into the posterior chamber
66
The non pigmented surface layer of cells in a ciliary body have _____ infoldings
basal
67
Aquesous humor percolates through
Travecular network and flows into canal of Schlemm
68
Where is the iris located
anterior to the lens and separates the anterior and posterior chambers
69
The Iris surrounds the
Pupil
70
The angle of the iris is formed at
lateral borders of the anterior chamber
71
The iris angle is composed of
loose CT
72
The angle of the iris is part of the passageway for
aqueous humor
73
The iris has how many layers of epithelium
2
74
The inner layer of the iris is composed of
pigmented epithelial cells
75
The outer layer of the iris is composed of
radially oriented myofilaments (dilate) and concentric layer of myofilaments (constrict)
76
The more melanocytes present in the iris the
darker the iris
77
What are the two subdivision of the retina
The photosensitive region, which lies posterior to the ora serrata The nonphotosensitive region which lies anterior to the ora serrata
78
What is the optic disc
region on posterior aspect of the eye where optic nerve exits has no photosensitive retina and constitutes the blind spot
79
what is the location of the fovea centralis
2.5 mm lateral to optic disc (note that the optic disc is posterior to the ora serrata and is on the posterior aspect of the eye where the optic nerve exits)
80
The fovea centralis contains ______ pigment
yellow
81
What is the macula lutea
The yellow pigment at the fovea centralis
82
The fovea centralis contains what type (s) of photoreceptors
only cone-type
83
What is the area of most acute vision
The fovea centralis
84
The nonphotosensitive region of the retina, which lies anterior to the ora serrata consists of ____ cell layers covering, iris, ciliary body and ciliary processes
two cell layers
85
The anterior chamber is posterior to _____ and anterior to ____
cornea, and anterior to iris
86
what is posterior to the cornea and anterior to the iris
The anterior chamber
87
what is posterior to iris and anterior to lens
Posterior chamber
88
What is the chamber posterior to the lens
The vitreal chamber
89
What chamber contains the vitreous body
vitreal chamber
90
In the vireal chamber what is the site of a fetal artery
the hyaloid canal
91
The hyaloid canal is the site of what
a fetal artery
92
The vitreous body is a _____ mass composed of
gelatinous mass composed of 99% water, hyaluronic acid, and vitrein
93
What is glaucoma
increased intraocular pressure due to compromised drainage of aqueous humor from anterior chamber

Histology Exam 2 Material (9 decks)

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