The Five Kingdoms & 3 Domains

Question 1

What are the 5 kingdoms?

Answer 1

• plantae
• animalia
• prokaryotae
• protoctista
• fungi

Question 2

Features used to classify prokaryotae…

Answer 2

• prokaryotic
  -unicellular
• no membrane bound organelles / nucleus
• peptidoglycan cell wall
• plasmids
• glycogen
• binary fission
• 70s ribosomes
• saprotrophic, hetro and auto

Question 3

Features used to classify Protoctista…

Answer 3

• eukaryotic
  -(mainly) unicellular/ simple multi
• nucleus + MBO
• some have chloroplasts
• autotrophic
• heterotrophic

Question 4

Features used to classify Fungi…

Answer 4

• eukaryotic
  -unicellular/multicellular
• nucelus + MBO
• chitin cell wall
• no chloroplast or chlorophyll
• no mechanism for locomotion
• body of hyphae + mycelium threads
• obtain dissolved organic nutrients from dead matter by absorption by enzyme secrete and absorb broken down products (saprophytic)
• store food as glycogen
• spores
• multi-nucleate

Question 5

Features used to classify Plantae…

Answer 5

• eukaryotic
• multicellular
• nucleus + MBO
• chloroplasts
• cellulose cell wall
• x movement
• autotrophic (nutrients made from photosynthesis)
• store sugars as starch
• seeds or spores for reproduction

Question 6

Features used to classify Anamalia..

Answer 6

• Eukaryotic
• Multicellular
• Nucleus + MBO (no cell walls)

-No chloroplasts

• Moves with the aid of cilia, flagella
• HETEROTROPHIC , nutrients acquired by ingestion
• Sugars stored as Glycogen

Question 7

Why did we change classification from 5 kingdoms to 3 domain?

Answer 7

• classification based on observable features (e.g. physical traits). But now we have modern science + molecular evidence
• Bacteria + Archaea have diff in RNA/DNA base sequences and RNA polymerase
• fundemental diff in prokaryotes and eukaryotes and bacteria and archaea
• Protein structure
• Helped clarify evolutionary relationships

Question 8

What are the three domains?

Answer 8

– Archaea
- Bacteria
- Eukarya

Question 9

What are the 6 kingdoms?

Answer 9

• Plantae
• Animalia
• Prokaryotae = Archaebacteria + Eubacteria
• Fungi
• Protoctista

Question 10

What is the difference between Eubacteria and Archaebacteria?

Answer 10

• chemical makeup is different
• A = EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS, no polymer peptidoglycon in cell walls
• E = all environments, peptidoglycon

Question 11

Using the new 3 domain system explain what the domain Bacteria includes…

Answer 11

-Contains the kingdom Eubacteria (true) only, found in all environments.
- 70s ribosomes
- Prokaryotic unicellular organisms.
- Distinct cell membrane lipids.
- Have peptidogylcan (murein) in their cell walls.
-Unique RNA polymerase made of 5 proteins

Question 12

Using the new 3 domain system explain what the domain Archae includes…

Answer 12

• Contains the kingdom Archaebacteria only, typically found in extreme environments.
  Prokaryotic unicellular organisms.
  -Have histones so gene and protein synthesis is more similar to Eukarya than Bacteria.
  -No peptidogylcan in their cell walls.
  -Different cell membranes that contain fatty acids bound to glycerol by ester linkages.
• More complex form of RNA polymerase than Bacteria 8-10 proteins
• 70 s ribosomes

Question 13

Using the new 3 domain system explain what the domain Eukarya includes…

Answer 13

• Contains four kingdoms from the five k system: Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protoctista.
• All nuclei and MBO
• 80s ribosomes
• RNA polymerase 12 proteins