The formation of the New Model Army Flashcards
(12 cards)
What was the New Model Army?
A centralized, professional army formed by Parliament in 1645 to improve military effectiveness against the Royalists.
Why was the New Model Army created?
Parliament was frustrated with the poor performance of regional armies and needed a disciplined, unified force to defeat Charles I.
When was the New Model Army officially established?
In February 1645 by the Self-Denying Ordinance and the New Model Ordinance.
What was the Self-Denying Ordinance (1645)?
A law requiring MPs and Lords to resign military commands, separating political and military leadership to improve professionalism.
Who was appointed commander of the New Model Army?
Sir Thomas Fairfax was appointed as Lord General (commander-in-chief).
What was Oliver Cromwell’s role in the New Model Army?
He was initially excluded under the Self-Denying Ordinance but later became Lieutenant General of Horse and had significant influence.
How many soldiers did the New Model Army initially have?
Around 22,000: 14,000 infantry, 6,000 cavalry, and 1,000 dragoons.
How was the New Model Army different from earlier forces?
Soldiers were paid regularly, promoted by merit, and expected to be disciplined, godly, and ideologically committed to Parliament’s cause.
What impact did the New Model Army have on the war?
It turned the tide in Parliament’s favour, winning key battles like Naseby (1645) and effectively defeating the Royalists.
How did religion influence the New Model Army?
Many soldiers were Puritans or Independents, which reinforced morale and commitment but later caused tensions with Presbyterians in Parliament.
What were some criticisms of the New Model Army?
It was seen by some MPs as too radical and independent, especially as it became more politicized after the war.
Why is the formation of the New Model Army historically significant?
It marked a shift toward state-controlled military power and laid foundations for future civil-military tensions, including the rise of Cromwell.
