The gilded age and Progressive Era Flashcards
(26 cards)
Monopoly
Exclusive control of a commodity or service in a market to eliminate compitition.
Social darwinism
Theory of natural selection applied to society
Robber baron
Negative term for ruthless business magnates
Interstate commerce act
Regulated railroad rates and practices
Nativism
Policy of protecting the interests of native-born inhabitants (superiority compared to immigrants)
Nights of labor
Labor union advocating for workers’ rights
Jhon D rockefeller
Established the Standard Oil Company, the greatest, wisest, and meanest monopoly known in history
JP Morgan
Banker who buys out Carnegie Steel and renames it to U.S. Steel. Was a philanthropist in a way; he gave all the money needed for WWI and was payed back. Was one of the “Robber barons”
Henry Ford
United States manufacturer of automobiles who pioneered mass production (1863-1947).
Theodore Roosevelt
26th president, known for: conservationism, trust-busting, Hepburn Act, safe food regulations, “Square Deal,” Panama Canal, Great White Fleet, Nobel Peace Prize for negotiation of peace in Russo-Japanese War
philanthropist
a person who seeks to promote the welfare of others, especially by the generous donation of money to good causes.
Sherman antitrust act
First federal action against monopolies, it was signed into law by Harrison and was extensively used by Theodore Roosevelt for trust-busting. However, it was initially misused against labor unions
Granger movement
the agrarian movement organized in the 1870s as a protest against railroad power over the farmers
Vanderbilt
Industry leader with ruthless business practices but he also believed in philanthropy.
Iba Tarbell
A leading muckraker and magazine editor, she exposed the corruption of the oil industry with her 1904 work A History of Standard Oil.
Upton sinclair
wrote “the jungle” which talked about the issues of meatpacking
Jacob riis
Early 1900’s muckraker who exposed social and political evils in the U.S. with his novel “How The Other Half Lives”; exposed the poor conditions of the poor tenements in NYC and Hell’s Kitchen
Jane addams
the founder of Hull House, which provided English lessons for immigrants, daycares, and child care classes
Alice paul
Head of the National Woman’s party that campaigned for an equal rights amendment to the Constitution. She opposed legislation protecting women workers because such laws implied women’s inferiority. Most condemned her way of thinking.
booker T washington
Prominent black American, born into slavery, who believed that racism would end once blacks acquired useful labor skills and proved their economic value to society, was head of the Tuskegee Institute in 1881. His book “Up from Slavery.”
W.E.B du bois
He believed that African Americans should strive for full rights immediately; founded the NAACP
Ida B. Wells
African American journalist. published statistics about lynching, urged African Americans to protest by refusing to ride streetcars or shop in white owned stores
18th amendment
Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages linked to the temperance movement and prohibition
19th amendment
Gave woman the right to vote
