The Hand Flashcards by Chase Thompson

__ carpal bones

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____ metacarpals

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____ bones of the fingers

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Most commonly fractured carpal bone

scaphoid

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Scaphoid/lunate fractures can (in some individuals) disrupt the blood supply to the bone resulting in delayed or “non-union” (avascular necrosis) of the bone…often requiring surgical intervention

scaphoid

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_____…most commonly dislocated carpal bone

Lunate

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1st carpometacarpal joint is between the trapezium and the base of the 1st metacarpal. Common synovial joint to be affected by ____

arthritis

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Known as “boxers fracture”- often seen following altercations in unskilled fighters

nFractures of the 5th metacarpal neck are commonly seen in emergency rooms “pinky”

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nPalmar aponeurosis sends a medial septum to the ____ metacarpal

5th

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nPalmar aponeurosis sends a lateral septum to the____ metacarpal

3rd

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nThese septum divide the hand into five muscular compartments:

Hypothenar
Thenar
Central
Adductor
Interosseous

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nThese compartments are of clinical important because

they can limit the spread of infection within the hand

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Base of the palmar aponeurosis sends ___ longitudinal fibrous slips which surround fibrous digital sheaths within the fingers

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Trigger Finger

Trauma to tendons can result in scar tissue forming about a flexor tendon

Scarring creates a nodule on the tendon

Nodule catches/entraps beneath the annular ligaments of the fibrous sheath

This sometimes causes the finger to lock in position of flexion

With extension-the nodule slides beneath the ligament and releases- can be painful

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Inflammation of the Synovial Tendon Sheaths is referred to as ____

tenosynovitis

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______ are tubular “envelopes” containing synovial membrane/fluid that surround the tendons

These sheaths permit tendons to move freely with less friction during hand movements

Synovial Tendon Sheaths

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_____ located medially and contains 3 intrinsic muscles involved in moving the 5th digit (little finger)

Hypothenar Compartment

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nHypothenar Compartment- located medially and contains 3 intrinsic muscles involved in moving the 5th digit (little finger)

Abductor Digiti Minimi
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
Opponens Digiti Minimi

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hypothenar compartment is innervated by

All Innervated by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve (C8 & T1)

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_____ located laterally and mainly responsible for opposition of the thumb- also contains 3 intrinsic muscles

Thenar Compartment

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3 muscles of the thenar compartment

Abductor Pollicis Brevis
Flexor Pollicis Brevis* (contains a small sesamoid bone within its tendon)
Opponens Pollicis

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thenar compartment innervated by

All innervated by the recurrent branch of the median nerve (C8 & T1)

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____ located deep within hand and responsible for adduction of the thumb- only one intrinsic muscle

Adductor Compartment

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muscle of the adductor compartment

Adductor Pollicis- fan-shaped muscle with two heads of origin (transverse & oblique)

(contains a small sesamoid bone within its tendon)

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adductor compartment innervated by

nInnervated by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve (C8 & T1)

\_\_\_\_\_ is located beneath the aponeurosis and contains the long flexor tendons (FDS & FDP), neurovascular structures, and the lumbrical muscles

Central Compartment

\_\_\_\_\_ 4 small intrinsic muscles of the hand that arise from the sides of the **FDP tendons and insert into the lateral sides of the extensor expansion**

Lumbricals

Lateral two Lumbricals are innervated by the \_\_\_\_

median nerve (C8 & T1)

nMedial two Lumbricals are innervated by the \_\_\_\_

ulnar nerve (C8 & T1)

function of lumbircals

**Flex** the digits at MCP joint and **extend** the interphalangeal joints

\_\_\_\_\_ aids in the ability to perform intricate hand/finger motions

extensor expansion

The interosseous compartment houses the interossei muscles which aid in _____ and assist the lumbrical muscles

grip strength

\_\_\_\_\_ compartment compartment is located between the metacarpal bones

The interosseous

\_\_\_\_\_ (3) arise from the shafts of the 2nd,4th and 5th metacarpals

Palmar Interossei

Palmar Interossei….\_\_\_\_ digits toward the axial line of the hand (the 3rd digit)

Adduct

Palmar Interossei innervated by

Innervated by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve (C8 & T1)

\_\_\_\_\_\_ …. Abduct digits away from the axial line of the hand (the 3rd digit)

Dorsal Interossei

dorsal interossi Insert into extensor expansion and base of proximal phalanx digits

2,3, and 4

palmar interossei Insert into extensor expansion and base of proximal phalanx digits

2, 4, and 5

1.Flexor Pollicis Longus ● 2.Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (FDS) ● 3.Flexor Digitorum Profunda (FDP) nThese muscles all originate in the forearm and their tendons enter the hand thru the \_\_\_\_\_

carpal tunnel-beneath the flexor retinaculum

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Results from any condition that effectively reduces the size of the carpal tunnel (inflammation of tendon, infection, growth or cyst) **Median nerve** gets impinged/entrapped by these conditions (listed above) Symptoms include **paraesthesia, hypoesthesia or anesthesia of lateral 3 ½ digits along the palmar surface** Patients may also experience motor loss of **thenar muscles- inability to oppose thumb** Surgical release of flexor retinaculum often required

Passes over the flexor retinaculum with the ulnar artery (thru the canal of Guyon)

ulnar nerve

Superficial palmar arch which gives off _____ and \_\_\_\_\_

common and proper palmar digital arteries

the ulnar artery divides into two terminal branches

1. Superficial palmar arch which gives off common and proper palmar digital arteries 2. Deep palmar branch (artery)

nRadial artery anastomoses with the deep palmar branch of the ulnar artery to form the \_\_\_\_

deep palmar arch

Two arterial arches in the Hand and branches from

1.Superficial Palmar Arch- formed by the ulnar artery\* and a small superficial branch of the radial artery ● 2.Deep Palmar Arch- formed by the radial artery\* and the deep branch of the ulnar artery

nAll the “intrinsic” muscles in the hand are innervated by \_\_\_\_\_

C8 & T1 nerve roots

\_\_\_\_\_ is the nerve of “fine movements” and its loss results in ones inability to perform tasks such as tying shoe laces, turning door knobs & opening jars

Ulnar nerve

\_\_\_\_\_ commonly entrapped beneath the flexor retinaculum within the carpal tunnel…paraesthesia 3½ fingers and weakness in thumb opposition

Median nerve

\_\_\_\_\_\_ arises primarily from the ulnar artery

Superficial palmar arch

\_\_\_\_\_ arises primarily from the radial artery

Deep palmar arch

\_\_\_\_ is the commonly fractured carpal bone (can result in avascular necrosis AVN) of the bone

Scaphoid bone

\_\_\_\_\_ is the most commonly dislocated carpal bone…often compressing the median nerve

Lunate bone

The Hand Flashcards

(85 cards)