The Heart Flashcards
(47 cards)
in the anatomical position, how many surfaces does the heart have and what are they?
5 - anterior, posterior, inferior, right and left pulmonary
what is the heart and where does it lie?
a hollow muscular pump found in the middle mediastinum
what chambers of the heart make up each surface? :
a) anterior
b) posterior
c) inferior
d) right pulmonary
e) left pulmonary
a) right ventricle
b) left atrium
c) left and right ventricles
d) right atrium
e) left ventricle
what are the borders of the heart and how many are there?
The borders separate the surfaces of the heart. There are 4 - right, inferior, left, superior
what chambers of the heart make up each border? :
a) right border
b) inferior border
c) left border
d) superior border
a) right atrium
b) left and right ventricle
c) left ventricle (some of right atrium)
d) right and left atrium and the great vessels
what is the aorta and its function?
the largest artery in the body. It carries oxygenated blood to the rest of the body
where does the aorta arise from?
the aortic orifice at the base of the left ventricle, with inflow via the aortic valve
what is the first segment of the aorta known as and where does it lie?
the ascending aorta, which lies within the pericardium
what arteries branch from the aorta?
the coronary arteries
what is the second segment of the aorta called and what branches from it?
the arch of the aorta. the major arteries to the head, neck and upper limbs branch off
what are the major arteries that branch off the arch of the aorta?
brachiocephalic trunk
left common carotid artery
left subclavian artery
after the arch of the aorta, what does the aorta become?
becomes the descending aorta which continues down from the diaphragm into the abdomen
what is the function of the pulmonary arteries?
receive deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle and deliver it to the lungs for gas exchange
what is the pulmonary trunk?
where the pulmonary arteries begin. it is a thick and short vessel, separated from the right ventricle by the pulmonary valve.
where is the pulmonary trunk located?
anteriorly and medially to the right atrium
where does the pulmonary trunk split?
level t5-t6. splits into the left and right pulmonary arteries
where does the left pulmonary artery supply blood to?
the left lung, it splits into 2 branches for each lobe
where does the right pulmonary artery supply blood to and how does it differ to the left?
to the right lung, also splitting into 2 branches. it is thicker and longer than the left
what is the function of the pulmonary veins?
receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and delivers it to the left side of the heart to be pumped back around the body
how many pulmonary veins are there, and where are they located?
there are 4 - one superior and inferior to each of the lungs
where do the pulmonary arteries enter and drain into?
enter the pericardium and drain into the superior left atrium, on the posterior surface
what does the superior pulmonary vein return?
blood from the upper lobes of the lung
what does the inferior pulmonary veins return?
blood from the lower lobes of the lung
where are the inferior pulmonary veins located?
left found at the hilum. right runs posteriorly to to the superior vena cava and the right atrium
