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Anatomy Year 2 > The Pelvis and Pelvic Organs > Flashcards

The Pelvis and Pelvic Organs Flashcards

1
Q

where are the testes located?

A

within the scrotum, suspended from the abdomen by the spermatic cord

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2
Q

what is the function of the testes?

A

site of sperm production and hormone synthesis

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3
Q

where are the epididymis located?

A

on the posterolateral aspect of each testes

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4
Q

what is the function of the epididymis?

A

sperm storage

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5
Q

what shape are the testes?

A

ellipsoid

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6
Q

what are the seminiferous tubules?

A

lined by sertoli cells that aid maturation of spermatozoa

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7
Q

where are the leydig cells and function?

A

found in the interstitial tissue - responsible for testosterone production

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8
Q

where is developing sperm collected?

A

rete testes

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9
Q

what is the tunica vaginalis?

A

closed sac of perietal peritoneal origin that contains small amount of viscous fluid. Acts as lubricant

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10
Q

what is the tunica albiginea?

A

a fibrous capsule that encloses the testes.

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11
Q

how many parts of the epididymis are there and what are they?

A

3 - head, body, and tail

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12
Q

describe the head of the epididymis

A
  • most proximal part
  • formed by efferent tubules of testes which transport sperm
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13
Q

describe the body of the epididymis

A
  • formed by the heavily coiled duct of the epididymis
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14
Q

describe the tail of the epididymis

A
  • most distal part
  • marks the origin on the vas deferens
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15
Q

what is the function of the vas deferens?

A

transport sperm prostatic portion of urethra for ejaculation

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16
Q

what innervates the testes and epididymis?

A

the testicular plexus - network of nerves derived from renal and aortic plexi

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17
Q

where does the main arterial supply to the testes and epididymis come from?

A

testicular arteries that arise from the abdominal aorta.
they descend down the abdomen and pass into the scrotum via the inguinal canal in the spermatic cord

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18
Q

what other arteries supply the testes?

A

the cremasteric artery, and the artery of the vas deferens

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19
Q

what do the paired testicular veins do?

A

venous drainage

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20
Q

how are the paired testicular veins formed?

A

from the pampiniform plexus - a network of veins wrapped around the testicular artery

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21
Q

where does the left testicular vein drain?

A

the left renal vein

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22
Q

where does the right testicular vein drain?

A

directly into the inferior vena cava

23
Q

what is varicocoele?

A

swelling of the paminifprm vein - bag of worm feeling

24
Q

how many parts of the hip bone are there and what are they?

A

the ilium, the pubis, and the ischium

25
Q

describe the ilium

A
  • most superior part
  • expands to form the wing
26
Q

what is the iliac crest?

A

the thickened margin of the wing

27
Q

describe the pubis

A
  • most anterior
  • consists of 3 section - the body, superior ramus, and inferior ramus
  • ramus = branch*
28
Q

describe the ischium

A
  • forms posteroinferior part
  • composed of body, and a superior and inferior ramus like the pubis
29
Q

what are the functions of the penis?

A

1) sexual intercourse
2) micturition - urinary role

30
Q

how many parts of the penis are there and what are they?

A

3 - root, body, glans

31
Q

descibe the root of the penis

A
  • most superior and fixed part
  • contains 3 erectile tissues and 2 muscles
32
Q

describe the body of the penis

A
  • the free part of the penis
  • composed of 3 cylinders of erectile tissue, 2 corpora cavernosa, and the corpus spongiosum
33
Q

describe the glans of the penis

A
  • most distal part
  • conical in shape
  • formed by distal expansion of corpus spongiosum
  • contains opening of urethra = external urethral orifice
34
Q

what 3 sources give the penis its arterial supply?

A
  • dorsal and deep arteries of the penis
  • bulboerethral artery
    these are all branches of the internal pudendal artery
35
Q

describe innervation of the penis

A
  • sensory and sympathetic supplied by dorsal nerve
  • parasympathetic innervation carried out by cavernous nerves from peri prostatic nerve plexus - responsible for erection
36
Q

describe the uterus

A

thick walled muscular organ capable of expansion to accommodate a growing fetus

37
Q

how many parts of the uterus are there and what are they?

A

3 parts - fundus, body, cervix

38
Q

describe the fundus in the uterus

A
  • the top
  • above the entry point of the uterine tubes
39
Q

describe the body of the uterus

A

usual site of implantation of the blastocyst

40
Q

describe the cervix of the uterus

A
  • lower part of the uterus
  • links uterus with vagina
41
Q

what is the anatomical position of the uterus?

A

immediately posterosuperior to the bladder, and anterior to the rectum

42
Q

which artery supplies blood to the uterus?

A

uterine artery

43
Q

where does venous drainage occur in the uterus

A

via a plexus in the broad ligament that drians into the uterine veins

44
Q

what is the vulva?

A

the external female genitalia

45
Q

what are the functions of the vulva?

A

1) sensory tissue during intercourse
2) assists in micurition by directing flow of urine
3) protects internal female reproductive tract from infection

46
Q

what are the 6 structures that make up the vulva?

A

1) mons pubis
2) labia majora
3) labia minora
4) vestibule
5) bartholin’s glands
6) clitoris

47
Q

describe the mons pubis

A
  • fat pad located anterior to pubic symphysis
  • formed by fusion of labia majora
48
Q

describe the labia majora

A
  • 2 external skin folds
  • hair bearing
  • extend from mons pubis posteriorly
49
Q

describe the labia minora

A
  • 2 hairless folds of skin
  • lie within labia majora
  • merge posteriorly
50
Q

describe the vestibule

A
  • the area enclosed by the labia minora
  • contains the openings of the vagina and urethra
51
Q

describe the bartholin’s glands

A
  • secrete lubricating mucus from small ducts during sexual arousal
  • found either side of vaginal orifice
52
Q

describe the clitoris

A
  • formed of erectile corpora cavernosa tissue which becomes enlarged during sexual stimulation
53
Q

which artery supplies blood to the vulva?

A

paired internal - branch of internal iliac artery and external pudendal arteries - branch of femoral artery

54
Q

how is venous achieved by the vulva?

A

via the pudendal veins, with smaller labial veins contributing

Anatomy Year 2 (7 decks)

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