The Pelvis and Pelvic Organs

Question 1

where are the testes located?

Answer 1

within the scrotum, suspended from the abdomen by the spermatic cord

Question 2

what is the function of the testes?

Answer 2

site of sperm production and hormone synthesis

Question 3

where are the epididymis located?

Answer 3

on the posterolateral aspect of each testes

Question 4

what is the function of the epididymis?

Answer 4

sperm storage

Question 5

what shape are the testes?

Answer 5

ellipsoid

Question 6

what are the seminiferous tubules?

Answer 6

lined by sertoli cells that aid maturation of spermatozoa

Question 7

where are the leydig cells and function?

Answer 7

found in the interstitial tissue - responsible for testosterone production

Question 8

where is developing sperm collected?

Answer 8

rete testes

Question 9

what is the tunica vaginalis?

Answer 9

closed sac of perietal peritoneal origin that contains small amount of viscous fluid. Acts as lubricant

Question 10

what is the tunica albiginea?

Answer 10

a fibrous capsule that encloses the testes.

Question 11

how many parts of the epididymis are there and what are they?

Answer 11

3 - head, body, and tail

Question 12

describe the head of the epididymis

Answer 12

• most proximal part
• formed by efferent tubules of testes which transport sperm

Question 13

describe the body of the epididymis

Answer 13

• formed by the heavily coiled duct of the epididymis

Question 14

describe the tail of the epididymis

Answer 14

• most distal part
• marks the origin on the vas deferens

Question 15

what is the function of the vas deferens?

Answer 15

transport sperm prostatic portion of urethra for ejaculation

Question 16

what innervates the testes and epididymis?

Answer 16

the testicular plexus - network of nerves derived from renal and aortic plexi

Question 17

where does the main arterial supply to the testes and epididymis come from?

Answer 17

testicular arteries that arise from the abdominal aorta.
they descend down the abdomen and pass into the scrotum via the inguinal canal in the spermatic cord

Question 18

what other arteries supply the testes?

Answer 18

the cremasteric artery, and the artery of the vas deferens

Question 19

what do the paired testicular veins do?

Answer 19

venous drainage

Question 20

how are the paired testicular veins formed?

Answer 20

from the pampiniform plexus - a network of veins wrapped around the testicular artery

Question 21

where does the left testicular vein drain?

Answer 21

the left renal vein

Question 22

where does the right testicular vein drain?

Answer 22

directly into the inferior vena cava

Question 23

what is varicocoele?

Answer 23

swelling of the paminifprm vein - bag of worm feeling

Question 24

how many parts of the hip bone are there and what are they?

Answer 24

the ilium, the pubis, and the ischium

Question 25

describe the ilium

Answer 25

- most superior part - expands to form the wing

Question 26

what is the iliac crest?

Answer 26

the thickened margin of the wing

Question 27

describe the pubis

Answer 27

- most anterior - consists of 3 section - the body, superior ramus, and inferior ramus - ramus = branch*

Question 28

describe the ischium

Answer 28

- forms posteroinferior part - composed of body, and a superior and inferior ramus like the pubis

Question 29

what are the functions of the penis?

Answer 29

1) sexual intercourse 2) micturition - urinary role

Question 30

how many parts of the penis are there and what are they?

Answer 30

3 - root, body, glans

Question 31

descibe the root of the penis

Answer 31

- most superior and fixed part - contains 3 erectile tissues and 2 muscles

Question 32

describe the body of the penis

Answer 32

- the free part of the penis - composed of 3 cylinders of erectile tissue, 2 corpora cavernosa, and the corpus spongiosum

Question 33

describe the glans of the penis

Answer 33

- most distal part - conical in shape - formed by distal expansion of corpus spongiosum - contains opening of urethra = external urethral orifice

Question 34

what 3 sources give the penis its arterial supply?

Answer 34

- dorsal and deep arteries of the penis - bulboerethral artery these are all branches of the internal pudendal artery

Question 35

describe innervation of the penis

Answer 35

- sensory and sympathetic supplied by dorsal nerve - parasympathetic innervation carried out by cavernous nerves from peri prostatic nerve plexus - responsible for erection

Question 36

describe the uterus

Answer 36

thick walled muscular organ capable of expansion to accommodate a growing fetus

Question 37

how many parts of the uterus are there and what are they?

Answer 37

3 parts - fundus, body, cervix

Question 38

describe the fundus in the uterus

Answer 38

- the top - above the entry point of the uterine tubes

Question 39

describe the body of the uterus

Answer 39

usual site of implantation of the blastocyst

Question 40

describe the cervix of the uterus

Answer 40

- lower part of the uterus - links uterus with vagina

Question 41

what is the anatomical position of the uterus?

Answer 41

immediately posterosuperior to the bladder, and anterior to the rectum

Question 42

which artery supplies blood to the uterus?

Answer 42

uterine artery

Question 43

where does venous drainage occur in the uterus

Answer 43

via a plexus in the broad ligament that drians into the uterine veins

Question 44

what is the vulva?

Answer 44

the external female genitalia

Question 45

what are the functions of the vulva?

Answer 45

1) sensory tissue during intercourse 2) assists in micurition by directing flow of urine 3) protects internal female reproductive tract from infection

Question 46

what are the 6 structures that make up the vulva?

Answer 46

1) mons pubis 2) labia majora 3) labia minora 4) vestibule 5) bartholin's glands 6) clitoris

Question 47

describe the mons pubis

Answer 47

- fat pad located anterior to pubic symphysis - formed by fusion of labia majora

Question 48

describe the labia majora

Answer 48

- 2 external skin folds - hair bearing - extend from mons pubis posteriorly

Question 49

describe the labia minora

Answer 49

- 2 hairless folds of skin - lie within labia majora - merge posteriorly

Question 50

describe the vestibule

Answer 50

- the area enclosed by the labia minora - contains the openings of the vagina and urethra

Question 51

describe the bartholin's glands

Answer 51

- secrete lubricating mucus from small ducts during sexual arousal - found either side of vaginal orifice

Question 52

describe the clitoris

Answer 52

- formed of erectile corpora cavernosa tissue which becomes enlarged during sexual stimulation

Question 53

which artery supplies blood to the vulva?

Answer 53

paired internal - branch of internal iliac artery and external pudendal arteries - branch of femoral artery

Question 54

how is venous achieved by the vulva?

Answer 54

via the pudendal veins, with smaller labial veins contributing