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Year 1 Hist 100 > The High Medieval Period > Flashcards

The High Medieval Period Flashcards

1
Q

Feudal Revolution- when?

A

Around the year 1000

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2
Q

What characterised the Feudal revolution?

A

Breakdown of the Carolingian Empire
Therefore breakdown of law and order
New regime of lordship

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3
Q

Public justice replaced by…

A

Violence

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4
Q

Feudal order ranks

A

Those who work
Those who pay
Those who fight

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5
Q

What do historians believe this Feudal era was characterised by?

A

Violence perpetrated by the knightly class

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6
Q

Public order before 1000

A

Public order exisited
Disputes brought to king- strong concept of law

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7
Q

Violence before 1000

A

Institutionalised, to maintain public order

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8
Q

Violence post 1000

A

‘Private violence’, to subjugate peasants

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9
Q

Examples of post 1000 violence and subjugation

A

Castle building
Extortions, ransoms, intimidation

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10
Q

Bisson on post 1000 violence

A

‘addicted to violence’

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11
Q

Who speaks on post 1000 violence?

A

Bisson

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12
Q

Why did Urban want to crusade initially?

A

To reunite Europe

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13
Q

Where did the crusaders shift their focus?

A

Jerusalem

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14
Q

What triggered the Third Crusade?

A

The emergence of Egypt as a new Islamic power

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15
Q

What did Saladin do which triggered Third Crusade?

A

Sought to take Damascus and eventually Jerusalem

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16
Q

How can the Third Crusade be seen as NOT a failure?

A

Radically changed crusading forever by making Egypt a target

17
Q

Knights trained ages…

A

12-15

18
Q

Diet of knight

A

High protein- meat and fish

19
Q

David Crouch’s characteristics of a knight

A

Loyalty
Forbearance
Hardihood
Largesse/liberality (generous- reputation)
The Davidic ethic
Honour

20
Q

The Davidic Ethic

A

Moral leadership- defence of weak, esp Church

21
Q

Gregorian reform

A

The power of the papacy

22
Q

Who published a codification of papal power?

A

Gregory VII

23
Q

What did Gregory VII publish?

A

Codification of papal power

24
Q

What did codification do?

A

Essentially increased power of papacy

25
Q

How did the codification increase papal power?

A

A sentence passed by the pope may be retracted by no one
No one may condemn anyone who appeals to the pope for justice
Pope can depose emperors

26
Q

What were these church reforms referred to as?

A

Gregorian reform

27
Q

Which pope continued reforms?

A

Innocent III

28
Q

What reforms did Innocent initiate?

A

Pastoral care- every Christian treated as an individual
Clarified doctrine of transubstantiation
Planned crusading return to Egypt

29
Q

Battle of Hattin

A

1187
Saladin’s forces crushed crusaders

30
Q

Who spoke on the characteristics of a knight?

A

David Crouch

31
Q

Example of a Magna Carta clause

A

Protection against unlawful imprisonment
Restrictions on taxation from the crown

32
Q

Economic motivations for the Crusades

A

Ability to control trade routes, as well as access wealth and resources

33
Q

Political motivations for the Crusades

A

Papacy wanted to establish and consolidate its authority

34
Q

Religious motivations for the Crusades

A

11thC Western Europe saw a surge in piety
Opportunity for remission of sin and salvation

35
Q

Preudomme

A

Model of noble conduct
Emerged at the end of the 11th century, before knighthood redefined

36
Q

Historians argue that fascist ideologies arose…

A

Out of war- justified militarism and nationalism

37
Q

Militarism and fascism

A

No easy transition to peace made it harder for peace to be restored
Feminisation of home front threatened soldiers
Social upheaval- radicalisation
Masculinity

38
Q

Nationalism and fascism

A

Justified nationalism during war time, eg stormtroopers beating up outsiders
Treaty of V justified anger
Italy- Treaty of Rapallo
Britain and Czechoslovakia remained strong

39
Q

What did Italy lose out on in the Treaty of Rapallo?

A

Fiumo

Year 1 Hist 100 (4 decks)

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