THE HIP

Question 1

what makes up the hip joint?

Answer 1

the proximal femur and the innominate bone (ilium, ischium and pubis)

Question 2

why are hip dislocations so much less common than shoulder?

Answer 2

as the head of the femur sits snugly in the acetabulum

Question 3

what ligaments stable the joint capsule of the hip?

Answer 3

iliofemoral ligament
pubofemoral ligament
ischiofemoral ligament

Question 4

what is shenton’s line?

Answer 4

an imaginary curved line drawn along the inferior border of the superior pubic ramus and along the inferomedial border of the neck of femur.

Question 5

what artery gives off the femoral artery?

Answer 5

the external iliac artery

Question 6

when does the external iliac artery become the femoral artery?

Answer 6

as it passes under the inguinal ligament

Question 7

what branches does the femoral artery give off?

Answer 7

superficial epigastric artery
superficial circumflex iliac artery
superficial external pudendal artery
deep external pudendal artery
profunda femoris
descending genicular artery

Question 8

what branches does the deep femoral artery give off?

Answer 8

medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries

also the perforating branches

Question 9

where do the medial and lateral cutaneous arteries meet?

Answer 9

at the trochanteric anastamoses

Question 10

other than the femoral circumflex arteries, which other arteries meets them to form the trochanteric anastamoses?

Answer 10

the superior gluteal artery

Question 11

what does the trochanteric ring give off?

Answer 11

retinacular arteries which run up the neck of the femur

Question 12

after exiting the femoral triangle, describe the course of the femoral artery?

Answer 12

it continues down the anterior aspect of the thigh, through the adductor canal to supply anterior thigh muscles. it then moves through the adductor hiatus and enters the posterior compartment of the thigh, proximal the knee where it will become the popliteal artery

Question 13

describe the course of the popliteal artery?

Answer 13

it descends down the posterior thigh giving rise to genicular branches to supply the knee joint
at the lower border of the popliteus it terminantes by dividing into anterior tibial artery and tibioperoneal trunk

Question 14

what does the tibioperineal trunk bifurcate into?

Answer 14

the posterior tibia and fibular arteries

Question 15

outline the course of the posterior tibial artery?

Answer 15

it continues along the surface of the deep posterior leg muscles and enters the sole of the foot via the tarsal tunnel. and then splits into lateral and medial plantar arteries which supply the plantar side of the foot

Question 16

outline the course of the fibular artery?

Answer 16

it descends posteriorly to the fibula within the posterior compartment of the leg, giving rise to perforating branches which penetrate the intermuscular septum to supply lateral leg muscles

Question 17

describe the course of the anterior tibial artery?

Answer 17

it passes anteriorly between the tibia and fibula through a gap in the interosseous membrane
it runs down to the foot where it becomes the dorsalis pedis artery

Question 18

describe the course of the dorsalis pedis artery?

Answer 18

it passes over the dorsal aspect of the tarsal bones and then moves inferiorly towards the sole of the foot where it anastamoses with the lateral plantar artery tio form the deep plantar arch

Question 19

what does the deep plantar arch supply?

Answer 19

toes

Question 20

if you have a nof fracture, why do you see a shortened, externally rotated limb in presentation?

Answer 20

as as the neck is crunched up and the flexor muscles shunt the femur seperorly
the psoas major muscles moves the shaft of the femur around the neck of the femur anteriorly too

Question 21

what msucles are involved in flexion?

Answer 21

iliopsoas
sartorius
rectus femoris
pectineus

Question 22

what muscles are involved in adduction of the hip?

Answer 22

adductor longus, brevis and magnus
pectineus
gracilis

Question 23

what muscles are involved in extension?

Answer 23

gluteus maximus and hamstrings

Question 24

what muscles are involved in abduction?

Answer 24

gluteus medius and minimus

tensor fascia latae